// CodeMirror, copyright (c) by Marijn Haverbeke and others
// Distributed under an MIT license: http://codemirror.net/LICENSE

// This is CodeMirror (http://codemirror.net), a code editor
// implemented in JavaScript on top of the browser's DOM.
//
// You can find some technical background for some of the code below
// at http://marijnhaverbeke.nl/blog/#cm-internals .

(function (mod) {
    if (typeof exports == "object" && typeof module == "object") // CommonJS
        module.exports = mod();
    else if (typeof define == "function" && define.amd) // AMD
        return define([], mod);
    else // Plain browser env
        this.CodeMirror = mod();
})(function () {
    "use strict";

    // BROWSER SNIFFING

    // Kludges for bugs and behavior differences that can't be feature
    // detected are enabled based on userAgent etc sniffing.

    var gecko = /gecko\/\d/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
    // ie_uptoN means Internet Explorer version N or lower
    var ie_upto10 = /MSIE \d/.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var ie_11up = /Trident\/(?:[7-9]|\d{2,})\..*rv:(\d+)/.exec(navigator.userAgent);
    var ie = ie_upto10 || ie_11up;
    var ie_version = ie && (ie_upto10 ? document.documentMode || 6 : ie_11up[1]);
    var webkit = /WebKit\//.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var qtwebkit = webkit && /Qt\/\d+\.\d+/.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var chrome = /Chrome\//.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var presto = /Opera\//.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var safari = /Apple Computer/.test(navigator.vendor);
    var khtml = /KHTML\//.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var mac_geMountainLion = /Mac OS X 1\d\D([8-9]|\d\d)\D/.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var phantom = /PhantomJS/.test(navigator.userAgent);

    var ios = /AppleWebKit/.test(navigator.userAgent) && /Mobile\/\w+/.test(navigator.userAgent);
    // This is woefully incomplete. Suggestions for alternative methods welcome.
    var mobile = ios || /Android|webOS|BlackBerry|Opera Mini|Opera Mobi|IEMobile/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
    var mac = ios || /Mac/.test(navigator.platform);
    var windows = /win/i.test(navigator.platform);

    var presto_version = presto && navigator.userAgent.match(/Version\/(\d*\.\d*)/);
    if (presto_version) presto_version = Number(presto_version[1]);
    if (presto_version && presto_version >= 15) {
        presto = false;
        webkit = true;
    }
    // Some browsers use the wrong event properties to signal cmd/ctrl on OS X
    var flipCtrlCmd = mac && (qtwebkit || presto && (presto_version == null || presto_version < 12.11));
    var captureRightClick = gecko || (ie && ie_version >= 9);

    // Optimize some code when these features are not used.
    var sawReadOnlySpans = false, sawCollapsedSpans = false;

    // EDITOR CONSTRUCTOR

    // A CodeMirror instance represents an editor. This is the object
    // that user code is usually dealing with.

    function CodeMirror(place, options) {
        if (!(this instanceof CodeMirror)) return new CodeMirror(place, options);

        this.options = options = options ? copyObj(options) : {};
        // Determine effective options based on given values and defaults.
        copyObj(defaults, options, false);
        setGuttersForLineNumbers(options);

        var doc = options.value;
        if (typeof doc == "string") doc = new Doc(doc, options.mode);
        this.doc = doc;

        var display = this.display = new Display(place, doc);
        display.wrapper.CodeMirror = this;
        updateGutters(this);
        themeChanged(this);
        if (options.lineWrapping)
            this.display.wrapper.className += " CodeMirror-wrap";
        if (options.autofocus && !mobile) focusInput(this);

        this.state = {
            keyMaps: [],  // stores maps added by addKeyMap
            overlays: [], // highlighting overlays, as added by addOverlay
            modeGen: 0,   // bumped when mode/overlay changes, used to invalidate highlighting info
            overwrite: false, focused: false,
            suppressEdits: false, // used to disable editing during key handlers when in readOnly mode
            pasteIncoming: false, cutIncoming: false, // help recognize paste/cut edits in readInput
            draggingText: false,
            highlight: new Delayed() // stores highlight worker timeout
        };

        // Override magic textarea content restore that IE sometimes does
        // on our hidden textarea on reload
        if (ie && ie_version < 11) setTimeout(bind(resetInput, this, true), 20);

        registerEventHandlers(this);
        ensureGlobalHandlers();

        startOperation(this);
        this.curOp.forceUpdate = true;
        attachDoc(this, doc);

        if ((options.autofocus && !mobile) || activeElt() == display.input)
            setTimeout(bind(onFocus, this), 20);
        else
            onBlur(this);

        for (var opt in optionHandlers) if (optionHandlers.hasOwnProperty(opt))
            optionHandlers[opt](this, options[opt], Init);
        maybeUpdateLineNumberWidth(this);
        for (var i = 0; i < initHooks.length; ++i) initHooks[i](this);
        endOperation(this);
    }

    // DISPLAY CONSTRUCTOR

    // The display handles the DOM integration, both for input reading
    // and content drawing. It holds references to DOM nodes and
    // display-related state.

    function Display(place, doc) {
        var d = this;

        // The semihidden textarea that is focused when the editor is
        // focused, and receives input.
        var input = d.input = elt("textarea", null, null, "position: absolute; padding: 0; width: 1px; height: 1em; outline: none");
        // The textarea is kept positioned near the cursor to prevent the
        // fact that it'll be scrolled into view on input from scrolling
        // our fake cursor out of view. On webkit, when wrap=off, paste is
        // very slow. So make the area wide instead.
        if (webkit) input.style.width = "1000px";
        else input.setAttribute("wrap", "off");
        // If border: 0; -- iOS fails to open keyboard (issue #1287)
        if (ios) input.style.border = "1px solid black";
        input.setAttribute("autocorrect", "off");
        input.setAttribute("autocapitalize", "off");
        input.setAttribute("spellcheck", "false");

        // Wraps and hides input textarea
        d.inputDiv = elt("div", [input], null, "overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px;");
        // The fake scrollbar elements.
        d.scrollbarH = elt("div", [elt("div", null, null, "height: 100%; min-height: 1px")], "CodeMirror-hscrollbar");
        d.scrollbarV = elt("div", [elt("div", null, null, "min-width: 1px")], "CodeMirror-vscrollbar");
        // Covers bottom-right square when both scrollbars are present.
        d.scrollbarFiller = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler");
        // Covers bottom of gutter when coverGutterNextToScrollbar is on
        // and h scrollbar is present.
        d.gutterFiller = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-gutter-filler");
        // Will contain the actual code, positioned to cover the viewport.
        d.lineDiv = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-code");
        // Elements are added to these to represent selection and cursors.
        d.selectionDiv = elt("div", null, null, "position: relative; z-index: 1");
        d.cursorDiv = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-cursors");
        // A visibility: hidden element used to find the size of things.
        d.measure = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-measure");
        // When lines outside of the viewport are measured, they are drawn in this.
        d.lineMeasure = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-measure");
        // Wraps everything that needs to exist inside the vertically-padded coordinate system
        d.lineSpace = elt("div", [d.measure, d.lineMeasure, d.selectionDiv, d.cursorDiv, d.lineDiv],
            null, "position: relative; outline: none");
        // Moved around its parent to cover visible view.
        d.mover = elt("div", [elt("div", [d.lineSpace], "CodeMirror-lines")], null, "position: relative");
        // Set to the height of the document, allowing scrolling.
        d.sizer = elt("div", [d.mover], "CodeMirror-sizer");
        // Behavior of elts with overflow: auto and padding is
        // inconsistent across browsers. This is used to ensure the
        // scrollable area is big enough.
        d.heightForcer = elt("div", null, null, "position: absolute; height: " + scrollerCutOff + "px; width: 1px;");
        // Will contain the gutters, if any.
        d.gutters = elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-gutters");
        d.lineGutter = null;
        // Actual scrollable element.
        d.scroller = elt("div", [d.sizer, d.heightForcer, d.gutters], "CodeMirror-scroll");
        d.scroller.setAttribute("tabIndex", "-1");
        // The element in which the editor lives.
        d.wrapper = elt("div", [d.inputDiv, d.scrollbarH, d.scrollbarV,
            d.scrollbarFiller, d.gutterFiller, d.scroller], "CodeMirror");

        // Work around IE7 z-index bug (not perfect, hence IE7 not really being supported)
        if (ie && ie_version < 8) {
            d.gutters.style.zIndex = -1;
            d.scroller.style.paddingRight = 0;
        }
        // Needed to hide big blue blinking cursor on Mobile Safari
        if (ios) input.style.width = "0px";
        if (!webkit) d.scroller.draggable = true;
        // Needed to handle Tab key in KHTML
        if (khtml) {
            d.inputDiv.style.height = "1px";
            d.inputDiv.style.position = "absolute";
        }
        // Need to set a minimum width to see the scrollbar on IE7 (but must not set it on IE8).
        if (ie && ie_version < 8) d.scrollbarH.style.minHeight = d.scrollbarV.style.minWidth = "18px";

        if (place.appendChild) place.appendChild(d.wrapper);
        else place(d.wrapper);

        // Current rendered range (may be bigger than the view window).
        d.viewFrom = d.viewTo = doc.first;
        // Information about the rendered lines.
        d.view = [];
        // Holds info about a single rendered line when it was rendered
        // for measurement, while not in view.
        d.externalMeasured = null;
        // Empty space (in pixels) above the view
        d.viewOffset = 0;
        d.lastSizeC = 0;
        d.updateLineNumbers = null;

        // Used to only resize the line number gutter when necessary (when
        // the amount of lines crosses a boundary that makes its width change)
        d.lineNumWidth = d.lineNumInnerWidth = d.lineNumChars = null;
        // See readInput and resetInput
        d.prevInput = "";
        // Set to true when a non-horizontal-scrolling line widget is
        // added. As an optimization, line widget aligning is skipped when
        // this is false.
        d.alignWidgets = false;
        // Flag that indicates whether we expect input to appear real soon
        // now (after some event like 'keypress' or 'input') and are
        // polling intensively.
        d.pollingFast = false;
        // Self-resetting timeout for the poller
        d.poll = new Delayed();

        d.cachedCharWidth = d.cachedTextHeight = d.cachedPaddingH = null;

        // Tracks when resetInput has punted to just putting a short
        // string into the textarea instead of the full selection.
        d.inaccurateSelection = false;

        // Tracks the maximum line length so that the horizontal scrollbar
        // can be kept static when scrolling.
        d.maxLine = null;
        d.maxLineLength = 0;
        d.maxLineChanged = false;

        // Used for measuring wheel scrolling granularity
        d.wheelDX = d.wheelDY = d.wheelStartX = d.wheelStartY = null;

        // True when shift is held down.
        d.shift = false;

        // Used to track whether anything happened since the context menu
        // was opened.
        d.selForContextMenu = null;
    }

    // STATE UPDATES

    // Used to get the editor into a consistent state again when options change.

    function loadMode(cm) {
        cm.doc.mode = CodeMirror.getMode(cm.options, cm.doc.modeOption);
        resetModeState(cm);
    }

    function resetModeState(cm) {
        cm.doc.iter(function (line) {
            if (line.stateAfter) line.stateAfter = null;
            if (line.styles) line.styles = null;
        });
        cm.doc.frontier = cm.doc.first;
        startWorker(cm, 100);
        cm.state.modeGen++;
        if (cm.curOp) regChange(cm);
    }

    function wrappingChanged(cm) {
        if (cm.options.lineWrapping) {
            addClass(cm.display.wrapper, "CodeMirror-wrap");
            cm.display.sizer.style.minWidth = "";
        } else {
            rmClass(cm.display.wrapper, "CodeMirror-wrap");
            findMaxLine(cm);
        }
        estimateLineHeights(cm);
        regChange(cm);
        clearCaches(cm);
        setTimeout(function () {
            updateScrollbars(cm);
        }, 100);
    }

    // Returns a function that estimates the height of a line, to use as
    // first approximation until the line becomes visible (and is thus
    // properly measurable).
    function estimateHeight(cm) {
        var th = textHeight(cm.display), wrapping = cm.options.lineWrapping;
        var perLine = wrapping && Math.max(5, cm.display.scroller.clientWidth / charWidth(cm.display) - 3);
        return function (line) {
            if (lineIsHidden(cm.doc, line)) return 0;

            var widgetsHeight = 0;
            if (line.widgets) for (var i = 0; i < line.widgets.length; i++) {
                if (line.widgets[i].height) widgetsHeight += line.widgets[i].height;
            }

            if (wrapping)
                return widgetsHeight + (Math.ceil(line.text.length / perLine) || 1) * th;
            else
                return widgetsHeight + th;
        };
    }

    function estimateLineHeights(cm) {
        var doc = cm.doc, est = estimateHeight(cm);
        doc.iter(function (line) {
            var estHeight = est(line);
            if (estHeight != line.height) updateLineHeight(line, estHeight);
        });
    }

    function keyMapChanged(cm) {
        var map = keyMap[cm.options.keyMap], style = map.style;
        cm.display.wrapper.className = cm.display.wrapper.className.replace(/\s*cm-keymap-\S+/g, "") +
            (style ? " cm-keymap-" + style : "");
    }

    function themeChanged(cm) {
        cm.display.wrapper.className = cm.display.wrapper.className.replace(/\s*cm-s-\S+/g, "") +
            cm.options.theme.replace(/(^|\s)\s*/g, " cm-s-");
        clearCaches(cm);
    }

    function guttersChanged(cm) {
        updateGutters(cm);
        regChange(cm);
        setTimeout(function () {
            alignHorizontally(cm);
        }, 20);
    }

    // Rebuild the gutter elements, ensure the margin to the left of the
    // code matches their width.
    function updateGutters(cm) {
        var gutters = cm.display.gutters, specs = cm.options.gutters;
        removeChildren(gutters);
        for (var i = 0; i < specs.length; ++i) {
            var gutterClass = specs[i];
            var gElt = gutters.appendChild(elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-gutter " + gutterClass));
            if (gutterClass == "CodeMirror-linenumbers") {
                cm.display.lineGutter = gElt;
                gElt.style.width = (cm.display.lineNumWidth || 1) + "px";
            }
        }
        gutters.style.display = i ? "" : "none";
        updateGutterSpace(cm);
    }

    function updateGutterSpace(cm) {
        var width = cm.display.gutters.offsetWidth;
        cm.display.sizer.style.marginLeft = width + "px";
        cm.display.scrollbarH.style.left = cm.options.fixedGutter ? width + "px" : 0;
    }

    // Compute the character length of a line, taking into account
    // collapsed ranges (see markText) that might hide parts, and join
    // other lines onto it.
    function lineLength(line) {
        if (line.height == 0) return 0;
        var len = line.text.length, merged, cur = line;
        while (merged = collapsedSpanAtStart(cur)) {
            var found = merged.find(0, true);
            cur = found.from.line;
            len += found.from.ch - found.to.ch;
        }
        cur = line;
        while (merged = collapsedSpanAtEnd(cur)) {
            var found = merged.find(0, true);
            len -= cur.text.length - found.from.ch;
            cur = found.to.line;
            len += cur.text.length - found.to.ch;
        }
        return len;
    }

    // Find the longest line in the document.
    function findMaxLine(cm) {
        var d = cm.display, doc = cm.doc;
        d.maxLine = getLine(doc, doc.first);
        d.maxLineLength = lineLength(d.maxLine);
        d.maxLineChanged = true;
        doc.iter(function (line) {
            var len = lineLength(line);
            if (len > d.maxLineLength) {
                d.maxLineLength = len;
                d.maxLine = line;
            }
        });
    }

    // Make sure the gutters options contains the element
    // "CodeMirror-linenumbers" when the lineNumbers option is true.
    function setGuttersForLineNumbers(options) {
        var found = indexOf(options.gutters, "CodeMirror-linenumbers");
        if (found == -1 && options.lineNumbers) {
            options.gutters = options.gutters.concat(["CodeMirror-linenumbers"]);
        } else if (found > -1 && !options.lineNumbers) {
            options.gutters = options.gutters.slice(0);
            options.gutters.splice(found, 1);
        }
    }

    // SCROLLBARS

    function hScrollbarTakesSpace(cm) {
        return cm.display.scroller.clientHeight - cm.display.wrapper.clientHeight < scrollerCutOff - 3;
    }

    // Prepare DOM reads needed to update the scrollbars. Done in one
    // shot to minimize update/measure roundtrips.
    function measureForScrollbars(cm) {
        var scroll = cm.display.scroller;
        return {
            clientHeight: scroll.clientHeight,
            barHeight: cm.display.scrollbarV.clientHeight,
            scrollWidth: scroll.scrollWidth, clientWidth: scroll.clientWidth,
            hScrollbarTakesSpace: hScrollbarTakesSpace(cm),
            barWidth: cm.display.scrollbarH.clientWidth,
            docHeight: Math.round(cm.doc.height + paddingVert(cm.display))
        };
    }

    // Re-synchronize the fake scrollbars with the actual size of the
    // content.
    function updateScrollbars(cm, measure) {
        if (!measure) measure = measureForScrollbars(cm);
        var d = cm.display, sWidth = scrollbarWidth(d.measure);
        var scrollHeight = measure.docHeight + scrollerCutOff;
        var needsH = measure.scrollWidth > measure.clientWidth;
        if (needsH && measure.scrollWidth <= measure.clientWidth + 1 &&
            sWidth > 0 && !measure.hScrollbarTakesSpace)
            needsH = false; // (Issue #2562)
        var needsV = scrollHeight > measure.clientHeight;

        if (needsV) {
            d.scrollbarV.style.display = "block";
            d.scrollbarV.style.bottom = needsH ? sWidth + "px" : "0";
            // A bug in IE8 can cause this value to be negative, so guard it.
            d.scrollbarV.firstChild.style.height =
                Math.max(0, scrollHeight - measure.clientHeight + (measure.barHeight || d.scrollbarV.clientHeight)) + "px";
        } else {
            d.scrollbarV.style.display = "";
            d.scrollbarV.firstChild.style.height = "0";
        }
        if (needsH) {
            d.scrollbarH.style.display = "block";
            d.scrollbarH.style.right = needsV ? sWidth + "px" : "0";
            d.scrollbarH.firstChild.style.width =
                (measure.scrollWidth - measure.clientWidth + (measure.barWidth || d.scrollbarH.clientWidth)) + "px";
        } else {
            d.scrollbarH.style.display = "";
            d.scrollbarH.firstChild.style.width = "0";
        }
        if (needsH && needsV) {
            d.scrollbarFiller.style.display = "block";
            d.scrollbarFiller.style.height = d.scrollbarFiller.style.width = sWidth + "px";
        } else d.scrollbarFiller.style.display = "";
        if (needsH && cm.options.coverGutterNextToScrollbar && cm.options.fixedGutter) {
            d.gutterFiller.style.display = "block";
            d.gutterFiller.style.height = sWidth + "px";
            d.gutterFiller.style.width = d.gutters.offsetWidth + "px";
        } else d.gutterFiller.style.display = "";

        if (!cm.state.checkedOverlayScrollbar && measure.clientHeight > 0) {
            if (sWidth === 0) {
                var w = mac && !mac_geMountainLion ? "12px" : "18px";
                d.scrollbarV.style.minWidth = d.scrollbarH.style.minHeight = w;
                var barMouseDown = function (e) {
                    if (e_target(e) != d.scrollbarV && e_target(e) != d.scrollbarH)
                        operation(cm, onMouseDown)(e);
                };
                on(d.scrollbarV, "mousedown", barMouseDown);
                on(d.scrollbarH, "mousedown", barMouseDown);
            }
            cm.state.checkedOverlayScrollbar = true;
        }
    }

    // Compute the lines that are visible in a given viewport (defaults
    // the the current scroll position). viewport may contain top,
    // height, and ensure (see op.scrollToPos) properties.
    function visibleLines(display, doc, viewport) {
        var top = viewport && viewport.top != null ? Math.max(0, viewport.top) : display.scroller.scrollTop;
        top = Math.floor(top - paddingTop(display));
        var bottom = viewport && viewport.bottom != null ? viewport.bottom : top + display.wrapper.clientHeight;

        var from = lineAtHeight(doc, top), to = lineAtHeight(doc, bottom);
        // Ensure is a {from: {line, ch}, to: {line, ch}} object, and
        // forces those lines into the viewport (if possible).
        if (viewport && viewport.ensure) {
            var ensureFrom = viewport.ensure.from.line, ensureTo = viewport.ensure.to.line;
            if (ensureFrom < from)
                return {
                    from: ensureFrom,
                    to: lineAtHeight(doc, heightAtLine(getLine(doc, ensureFrom)) + display.wrapper.clientHeight)
                };
            if (Math.min(ensureTo, doc.lastLine()) >= to)
                return {
                    from: lineAtHeight(doc, heightAtLine(getLine(doc, ensureTo)) - display.wrapper.clientHeight),
                    to: ensureTo
                };
        }
        return {from: from, to: Math.max(to, from + 1)};
    }

    // LINE NUMBERS

    // Re-align line numbers and gutter marks to compensate for
    // horizontal scrolling.
    function alignHorizontally(cm) {
        var display = cm.display, view = display.view;
        if (!display.alignWidgets && (!display.gutters.firstChild || !cm.options.fixedGutter)) return;
        var comp = compensateForHScroll(display) - display.scroller.scrollLeft + cm.doc.scrollLeft;
        var gutterW = display.gutters.offsetWidth, left = comp + "px";
        for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) if (!view[i].hidden) {
            if (cm.options.fixedGutter && view[i].gutter)
                view[i].gutter.style.left = left;
            var align = view[i].alignable;
            if (align) for (var j = 0; j < align.length; j++)
                align[j].style.left = left;
        }
        if (cm.options.fixedGutter)
            display.gutters.style.left = (comp + gutterW) + "px";
    }

    // Used to ensure that the line number gutter is still the right
    // size for the current document size. Returns true when an update
    // is needed.
    function maybeUpdateLineNumberWidth(cm) {
        if (!cm.options.lineNumbers) return false;
        var doc = cm.doc, last = lineNumberFor(cm.options, doc.first + doc.size - 1), display = cm.display;
        if (last.length != display.lineNumChars) {
            var test = display.measure.appendChild(elt("div", [elt("div", last)],
                "CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt"));
            var innerW = test.firstChild.offsetWidth, padding = test.offsetWidth - innerW;
            display.lineGutter.style.width = "";
            display.lineNumInnerWidth = Math.max(innerW, display.lineGutter.offsetWidth - padding);
            display.lineNumWidth = display.lineNumInnerWidth + padding;
            display.lineNumChars = display.lineNumInnerWidth ? last.length : -1;
            display.lineGutter.style.width = display.lineNumWidth + "px";
            updateGutterSpace(cm);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    function lineNumberFor(options, i) {
        return String(options.lineNumberFormatter(i + options.firstLineNumber));
    }

    // Computes display.scroller.scrollLeft + display.gutters.offsetWidth,
    // but using getBoundingClientRect to get a sub-pixel-accurate
    // result.
    function compensateForHScroll(display) {
        return display.scroller.getBoundingClientRect().left - display.sizer.getBoundingClientRect().left;
    }

    // DISPLAY DRAWING

    function DisplayUpdate(cm, viewport, force) {
        var display = cm.display;

        this.viewport = viewport;
        // Store some values that we'll need later (but don't want to force a relayout for)
        this.visible = visibleLines(display, cm.doc, viewport);
        this.editorIsHidden = !display.wrapper.offsetWidth;
        this.wrapperHeight = display.wrapper.clientHeight;
        this.oldViewFrom = display.viewFrom;
        this.oldViewTo = display.viewTo;
        this.oldScrollerWidth = display.scroller.clientWidth;
        this.force = force;
        this.dims = getDimensions(cm);
    }

    // Does the actual updating of the line display. Bails out
    // (returning false) when there is nothing to be done and forced is
    // false.
    function updateDisplayIfNeeded(cm, update) {
        var display = cm.display, doc = cm.doc;
        if (update.editorIsHidden) {
            resetView(cm);
            return false;
        }

        // Bail out if the visible area is already rendered and nothing changed.
        if (!update.force &&
            update.visible.from >= display.viewFrom && update.visible.to <= display.viewTo &&
            (display.updateLineNumbers == null || display.updateLineNumbers >= display.viewTo) &&
            countDirtyView(cm) == 0)
            return false;

        if (maybeUpdateLineNumberWidth(cm)) {
            resetView(cm);
            update.dims = getDimensions(cm);
        }

        // Compute a suitable new viewport (from & to)
        var end = doc.first + doc.size;
        var from = Math.max(update.visible.from - cm.options.viewportMargin, doc.first);
        var to = Math.min(end, update.visible.to + cm.options.viewportMargin);
        if (display.viewFrom < from && from - display.viewFrom < 20) from = Math.max(doc.first, display.viewFrom);
        if (display.viewTo > to && display.viewTo - to < 20) to = Math.min(end, display.viewTo);
        if (sawCollapsedSpans) {
            from = visualLineNo(cm.doc, from);
            to = visualLineEndNo(cm.doc, to);
        }

        var different = from != display.viewFrom || to != display.viewTo ||
            display.lastSizeC != update.wrapperHeight;
        adjustView(cm, from, to);

        display.viewOffset = heightAtLine(getLine(cm.doc, display.viewFrom));
        // Position the mover div to align with the current scroll position
        cm.display.mover.style.top = display.viewOffset + "px";

        var toUpdate = countDirtyView(cm);
        if (!different && toUpdate == 0 && !update.force &&
            (display.updateLineNumbers == null || display.updateLineNumbers >= display.viewTo))
            return false;

        // For big changes, we hide the enclosing element during the
        // update, since that speeds up the operations on most browsers.
        var focused = activeElt();
        if (toUpdate > 4) display.lineDiv.style.display = "none";
        patchDisplay(cm, display.updateLineNumbers, update.dims);
        if (toUpdate > 4) display.lineDiv.style.display = "";
        // There might have been a widget with a focused element that got
        // hidden or updated, if so re-focus it.
        if (focused && activeElt() != focused && focused.offsetHeight) focused.focus();

        // Prevent selection and cursors from interfering with the scroll
        // width.
        removeChildren(display.cursorDiv);
        removeChildren(display.selectionDiv);

        if (different) {
            display.lastSizeC = update.wrapperHeight;
            startWorker(cm, 400);
        }

        display.updateLineNumbers = null;

        return true;
    }

    function postUpdateDisplay(cm, update) {
        var force = update.force, viewport = update.viewport;
        for (var first = true; ; first = false) {
            if (first && cm.options.lineWrapping && update.oldScrollerWidth != cm.display.scroller.clientWidth) {
                force = true;
            } else {
                force = false;
                // Clip forced viewport to actual scrollable area.
                if (viewport && viewport.top != null)
                    viewport = {
                        top: Math.min(cm.doc.height + paddingVert(cm.display) - scrollerCutOff -
                            cm.display.scroller.clientHeight, viewport.top)
                    };
                // Updated line heights might result in the drawn area not
                // actually covering the viewport. Keep looping until it does.
                update.visible = visibleLines(cm.display, cm.doc, viewport);
                if (update.visible.from >= cm.display.viewFrom && update.visible.to <= cm.display.viewTo)
                    break;
            }
            if (!updateDisplayIfNeeded(cm, update)) break;
            updateHeightsInViewport(cm);
            var barMeasure = measureForScrollbars(cm);
            updateSelection(cm);
            setDocumentHeight(cm, barMeasure);
            updateScrollbars(cm, barMeasure);
        }

        signalLater(cm, "update", cm);
        if (cm.display.viewFrom != update.oldViewFrom || cm.display.viewTo != update.oldViewTo)
            signalLater(cm, "viewportChange", cm, cm.display.viewFrom, cm.display.viewTo);
    }

    function updateDisplaySimple(cm, viewport) {
        var update = new DisplayUpdate(cm, viewport);
        if (updateDisplayIfNeeded(cm, update)) {
            updateHeightsInViewport(cm);
            postUpdateDisplay(cm, update);
            var barMeasure = measureForScrollbars(cm);
            updateSelection(cm);
            setDocumentHeight(cm, barMeasure);
            updateScrollbars(cm, barMeasure);
        }
    }

    function setDocumentHeight(cm, measure) {
        cm.display.sizer.style.minHeight = cm.display.heightForcer.style.top = measure.docHeight + "px";
        cm.display.gutters.style.height = Math.max(measure.docHeight, measure.clientHeight - scrollerCutOff) + "px";
    }

    function checkForWebkitWidthBug(cm, measure) {
        // Work around Webkit bug where it sometimes reserves space for a
        // non-existing phantom scrollbar in the scroller (Issue #2420)
        if (cm.display.sizer.offsetWidth + cm.display.gutters.offsetWidth < cm.display.scroller.clientWidth - 1) {
            cm.display.sizer.style.minHeight = cm.display.heightForcer.style.top = "0px";
            cm.display.gutters.style.height = measure.docHeight + "px";
        }
    }

    // Read the actual heights of the rendered lines, and update their
    // stored heights to match.
    function updateHeightsInViewport(cm) {
        var display = cm.display;
        var prevBottom = display.lineDiv.offsetTop;
        for (var i = 0; i < display.view.length; i++) {
            var cur = display.view[i], height;
            if (cur.hidden) continue;
            if (ie && ie_version < 8) {
                var bot = cur.node.offsetTop + cur.node.offsetHeight;
                height = bot - prevBottom;
                prevBottom = bot;
            } else {
                var box = cur.node.getBoundingClientRect();
                height = box.bottom - box.top;
            }
            var diff = cur.line.height - height;
            if (height < 2) height = textHeight(display);
            if (diff > .001 || diff < -.001) {
                updateLineHeight(cur.line, height);
                updateWidgetHeight(cur.line);
                if (cur.rest) for (var j = 0; j < cur.rest.length; j++)
                    updateWidgetHeight(cur.rest[j]);
            }
        }
    }

    // Read and store the height of line widgets associated with the
    // given line.
    function updateWidgetHeight(line) {
        if (line.widgets) for (var i = 0; i < line.widgets.length; ++i)
            line.widgets[i].height = line.widgets[i].node.offsetHeight;
    }

    // Do a bulk-read of the DOM positions and sizes needed to draw the
    // view, so that we don't interleave reading and writing to the DOM.
    function getDimensions(cm) {
        var d = cm.display, left = {}, width = {};
        var gutterLeft = d.gutters.clientLeft;
        for (var n = d.gutters.firstChild, i = 0; n; n = n.nextSibling, ++i) {
            left[cm.options.gutters[i]] = n.offsetLeft + n.clientLeft + gutterLeft;
            width[cm.options.gutters[i]] = n.clientWidth;
        }
        return {
            fixedPos: compensateForHScroll(d),
            gutterTotalWidth: d.gutters.offsetWidth,
            gutterLeft: left,
            gutterWidth: width,
            wrapperWidth: d.wrapper.clientWidth
        };
    }

    // Sync the actual display DOM structure with display.view, removing
    // nodes for lines that are no longer in view, and creating the ones
    // that are not there yet, and updating the ones that are out of
    // date.
    function patchDisplay(cm, updateNumbersFrom, dims) {
        var display = cm.display, lineNumbers = cm.options.lineNumbers;
        var container = display.lineDiv, cur = container.firstChild;

        function rm(node) {
            var next = node.nextSibling;
            // Works around a throw-scroll bug in OS X Webkit
            if (webkit && mac && cm.display.currentWheelTarget == node)
                node.style.display = "none";
            else
                node.parentNode.removeChild(node);
            return next;
        }

        var view = display.view, lineN = display.viewFrom;
        // Loop over the elements in the view, syncing cur (the DOM nodes
        // in display.lineDiv) with the view as we go.
        for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
            var lineView = view[i];
            if (lineView.hidden) {
            } else if (!lineView.node) { // Not drawn yet
                var node = buildLineElement(cm, lineView, lineN, dims);
                container.insertBefore(node, cur);
            } else { // Already drawn
                while (cur != lineView.node) cur = rm(cur);
                var updateNumber = lineNumbers && updateNumbersFrom != null &&
                    updateNumbersFrom <= lineN && lineView.lineNumber;
                if (lineView.changes) {
                    if (indexOf(lineView.changes, "gutter") > -1) updateNumber = false;
                    updateLineForChanges(cm, lineView, lineN, dims);
                }
                if (updateNumber) {
                    removeChildren(lineView.lineNumber);
                    lineView.lineNumber.appendChild(document.createTextNode(lineNumberFor(cm.options, lineN)));
                }
                cur = lineView.node.nextSibling;
            }
            lineN += lineView.size;
        }
        while (cur) cur = rm(cur);
    }

    // When an aspect of a line changes, a string is added to
    // lineView.changes. This updates the relevant part of the line's
    // DOM structure.
    function updateLineForChanges(cm, lineView, lineN, dims) {
        for (var j = 0; j < lineView.changes.length; j++) {
            var type = lineView.changes[j];
            if (type == "text") updateLineText(cm, lineView);
            else if (type == "gutter") updateLineGutter(cm, lineView, lineN, dims);
            else if (type == "class") updateLineClasses(lineView);
            else if (type == "widget") updateLineWidgets(lineView, dims);
        }
        lineView.changes = null;
    }

    // Lines with gutter elements, widgets or a background class need to
    // be wrapped, and have the extra elements added to the wrapper div
    function ensureLineWrapped(lineView) {
        if (lineView.node == lineView.text) {
            lineView.node = elt("div", null, null, "position: relative");
            if (lineView.text.parentNode)
                lineView.text.parentNode.replaceChild(lineView.node, lineView.text);
            lineView.node.appendChild(lineView.text);
            if (ie && ie_version < 8) lineView.node.style.zIndex = 2;
        }
        return lineView.node;
    }

    function updateLineBackground(lineView) {
        var cls = lineView.bgClass ? lineView.bgClass + " " + (lineView.line.bgClass || "") : lineView.line.bgClass;
        if (cls) cls += " CodeMirror-linebackground";
        if (lineView.background) {
            if (cls) lineView.background.className = cls;
            else {
                lineView.background.parentNode.removeChild(lineView.background);
                lineView.background = null;
            }
        } else if (cls) {
            var wrap = ensureLineWrapped(lineView);
            lineView.background = wrap.insertBefore(elt("div", null, cls), wrap.firstChild);
        }
    }

    // Wrapper around buildLineContent which will reuse the structure
    // in display.externalMeasured when possible.
    function getLineContent(cm, lineView) {
        var ext = cm.display.externalMeasured;
        if (ext && ext.line == lineView.line) {
            cm.display.externalMeasured = null;
            lineView.measure = ext.measure;
            return ext.built;
        }
        return buildLineContent(cm, lineView);
    }

    // Redraw the line's text. Interacts with the background and text
    // classes because the mode may output tokens that influence these
    // classes.
    function updateLineText(cm, lineView) {
        var cls = lineView.text.className;
        var built = getLineContent(cm, lineView);
        if (lineView.text == lineView.node) lineView.node = built.pre;
        lineView.text.parentNode.replaceChild(built.pre, lineView.text);
        lineView.text = built.pre;
        if (built.bgClass != lineView.bgClass || built.textClass != lineView.textClass) {
            lineView.bgClass = built.bgClass;
            lineView.textClass = built.textClass;
            updateLineClasses(lineView);
        } else if (cls) {
            lineView.text.className = cls;
        }
    }

    function updateLineClasses(lineView) {
        updateLineBackground(lineView);
        if (lineView.line.wrapClass)
            ensureLineWrapped(lineView).className = lineView.line.wrapClass;
        else if (lineView.node != lineView.text)
            lineView.node.className = "";
        var textClass = lineView.textClass ? lineView.textClass + " " + (lineView.line.textClass || "") : lineView.line.textClass;
        lineView.text.className = textClass || "";
    }

    function updateLineGutter(cm, lineView, lineN, dims) {
        if (lineView.gutter) {
            lineView.node.removeChild(lineView.gutter);
            lineView.gutter = null;
        }
        var markers = lineView.line.gutterMarkers;
        if (cm.options.lineNumbers || markers) {
            var wrap = ensureLineWrapped(lineView);
            var gutterWrap = lineView.gutter =
                wrap.insertBefore(elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper", "position: absolute; left: " +
                    (cm.options.fixedGutter ? dims.fixedPos : -dims.gutterTotalWidth) + "px"),
                    lineView.text);
            if (cm.options.lineNumbers && (!markers || !markers["CodeMirror-linenumbers"]))
                lineView.lineNumber = gutterWrap.appendChild(
                    elt("div", lineNumberFor(cm.options, lineN),
                        "CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt",
                        "left: " + dims.gutterLeft["CodeMirror-linenumbers"] + "px; width: "
                        + cm.display.lineNumInnerWidth + "px"));
            if (markers) for (var k = 0; k < cm.options.gutters.length; ++k) {
                var id = cm.options.gutters[k], found = markers.hasOwnProperty(id) && markers[id];
                if (found)
                    gutterWrap.appendChild(elt("div", [found], "CodeMirror-gutter-elt", "left: " +
                        dims.gutterLeft[id] + "px; width: " + dims.gutterWidth[id] + "px"));
            }
        }
    }

    function updateLineWidgets(lineView, dims) {
        if (lineView.alignable) lineView.alignable = null;
        for (var node = lineView.node.firstChild, next; node; node = next) {
            var next = node.nextSibling;
            if (node.className == "CodeMirror-linewidget")
                lineView.node.removeChild(node);
        }
        insertLineWidgets(lineView, dims);
    }

    // Build a line's DOM representation from scratch
    function buildLineElement(cm, lineView, lineN, dims) {
        var built = getLineContent(cm, lineView);
        lineView.text = lineView.node = built.pre;
        if (built.bgClass) lineView.bgClass = built.bgClass;
        if (built.textClass) lineView.textClass = built.textClass;

        updateLineClasses(lineView);
        updateLineGutter(cm, lineView, lineN, dims);
        insertLineWidgets(lineView, dims);
        return lineView.node;
    }

    // A lineView may contain multiple logical lines (when merged by
    // collapsed spans). The widgets for all of them need to be drawn.
    function insertLineWidgets(lineView, dims) {
        insertLineWidgetsFor(lineView.line, lineView, dims, true);
        if (lineView.rest) for (var i = 0; i < lineView.rest.length; i++)
            insertLineWidgetsFor(lineView.rest[i], lineView, dims, false);
    }

    function insertLineWidgetsFor(line, lineView, dims, allowAbove) {
        if (!line.widgets) return;
        var wrap = ensureLineWrapped(lineView);
        for (var i = 0, ws = line.widgets; i < ws.length; ++i) {
            var widget = ws[i], node = elt("div", [widget.node], "CodeMirror-linewidget");
            if (!widget.handleMouseEvents) node.ignoreEvents = true;
            positionLineWidget(widget, node, lineView, dims);
            if (allowAbove && widget.above)
                wrap.insertBefore(node, lineView.gutter || lineView.text);
            else
                wrap.appendChild(node);
            signalLater(widget, "redraw");
        }
    }

    function positionLineWidget(widget, node, lineView, dims) {
        if (widget.noHScroll) {
            (lineView.alignable || (lineView.alignable = [])).push(node);
            var width = dims.wrapperWidth;
            node.style.left = dims.fixedPos + "px";
            if (!widget.coverGutter) {
                width -= dims.gutterTotalWidth;
                node.style.paddingLeft = dims.gutterTotalWidth + "px";
            }
            node.style.width = width + "px";
        }
        if (widget.coverGutter) {
            node.style.zIndex = 5;
            node.style.position = "relative";
            if (!widget.noHScroll) node.style.marginLeft = -dims.gutterTotalWidth + "px";
        }
    }

    // POSITION OBJECT

    // A Pos instance represents a position within the text.
    var Pos = CodeMirror.Pos = function (line, ch) {
        if (!(this instanceof Pos)) return new Pos(line, ch);
        this.line = line;
        this.ch = ch;
    };

    // Compare two positions, return 0 if they are the same, a negative
    // number when a is less, and a positive number otherwise.
    var cmp = CodeMirror.cmpPos = function (a, b) {
        return a.line - b.line || a.ch - b.ch;
    };

    function copyPos(x) {
        return Pos(x.line, x.ch);
    }

    function maxPos(a, b) {
        return cmp(a, b) < 0 ? b : a;
    }

    function minPos(a, b) {
        return cmp(a, b) < 0 ? a : b;
    }

    // SELECTION / CURSOR

    // Selection objects are immutable. A new one is created every time
    // the selection changes. A selection is one or more non-overlapping
    // (and non-touching) ranges, sorted, and an integer that indicates
    // which one is the primary selection (the one that's scrolled into
    // view, that getCursor returns, etc).
    function Selection(ranges, primIndex) {
        this.ranges = ranges;
        this.primIndex = primIndex;
    }

    Selection.prototype = {
        primary: function () {
            return this.ranges[this.primIndex];
        },
        equals: function (other) {
            if (other == this) return true;
            if (other.primIndex != this.primIndex || other.ranges.length != this.ranges.length) return false;
            for (var i = 0; i < this.ranges.length; i++) {
                var here = this.ranges[i], there = other.ranges[i];
                if (cmp(here.anchor, there.anchor) != 0 || cmp(here.head, there.head) != 0) return false;
            }
            return true;
        },
        deepCopy: function () {
            for (var out = [], i = 0; i < this.ranges.length; i++)
                out[i] = new Range(copyPos(this.ranges[i].anchor), copyPos(this.ranges[i].head));
            return new Selection(out, this.primIndex);
        },
        somethingSelected: function () {
            for (var i = 0; i < this.ranges.length; i++)
                if (!this.ranges[i].empty()) return true;
            return false;
        },
        contains: function (pos, end) {
            if (!end) end = pos;
            for (var i = 0; i < this.ranges.length; i++) {
                var range = this.ranges[i];
                if (cmp(end, range.from()) >= 0 && cmp(pos, range.to()) <= 0)
                    return i;
            }
            return -1;
        }
    };

    function Range(anchor, head) {
        this.anchor = anchor;
        this.head = head;
    }

    Range.prototype = {
        from: function () {
            return minPos(this.anchor, this.head);
        },
        to: function () {
            return maxPos(this.anchor, this.head);
        },
        empty: function () {
            return this.head.line == this.anchor.line && this.head.ch == this.anchor.ch;
        }
    };

    // Take an unsorted, potentially overlapping set of ranges, and
    // build a selection out of it. 'Consumes' ranges array (modifying
    // it).
    function normalizeSelection(ranges, primIndex) {
        var prim = ranges[primIndex];
        ranges.sort(function (a, b) {
            return cmp(a.from(), b.from());
        });
        primIndex = indexOf(ranges, prim);
        for (var i = 1; i < ranges.length; i++) {
            var cur = ranges[i], prev = ranges[i - 1];
            if (cmp(prev.to(), cur.from()) >= 0) {
                var from = minPos(prev.from(), cur.from()), to = maxPos(prev.to(), cur.to());
                var inv = prev.empty() ? cur.from() == cur.head : prev.from() == prev.head;
                if (i <= primIndex) --primIndex;
                ranges.splice(--i, 2, new Range(inv ? to : from, inv ? from : to));
            }
        }
        return new Selection(ranges, primIndex);
    }

    function simpleSelection(anchor, head) {
        return new Selection([new Range(anchor, head || anchor)], 0);
    }

    // Most of the external API clips given positions to make sure they
    // actually exist within the document.
    function clipLine(doc, n) {
        return Math.max(doc.first, Math.min(n, doc.first + doc.size - 1));
    }

    function clipPos(doc, pos) {
        if (pos.line < doc.first) return Pos(doc.first, 0);
        var last = doc.first + doc.size - 1;
        if (pos.line > last) return Pos(last, getLine(doc, last).text.length);
        return clipToLen(pos, getLine(doc, pos.line).text.length);
    }

    function clipToLen(pos, linelen) {
        var ch = pos.ch;
        if (ch == null || ch > linelen) return Pos(pos.line, linelen);
        else if (ch < 0) return Pos(pos.line, 0);
        else return pos;
    }

    function isLine(doc, l) {
        return l >= doc.first && l < doc.first + doc.size;
    }

    function clipPosArray(doc, array) {
        for (var out = [], i = 0; i < array.length; i++) out[i] = clipPos(doc, array[i]);
        return out;
    }

    // SELECTION UPDATES

    // The 'scroll' parameter given to many of these indicated whether
    // the new cursor position should be scrolled into view after
    // modifying the selection.

    // If shift is held or the extend flag is set, extends a range to
    // include a given position (and optionally a second position).
    // Otherwise, simply returns the range between the given positions.
    // Used for cursor motion and such.
    function extendRange(doc, range, head, other) {
        if (doc.cm && doc.cm.display.shift || doc.extend) {
            var anchor = range.anchor;
            if (other) {
                var posBefore = cmp(head, anchor) < 0;
                if (posBefore != (cmp(other, anchor) < 0)) {
                    anchor = head;
                    head = other;
                } else if (posBefore != (cmp(head, other) < 0)) {
                    head = other;
                }
            }
            return new Range(anchor, head);
        } else {
            return new Range(other || head, head);
        }
    }

    // Extend the primary selection range, discard the rest.
    function extendSelection(doc, head, other, options) {
        setSelection(doc, new Selection([extendRange(doc, doc.sel.primary(), head, other)], 0), options);
    }

    // Extend all selections (pos is an array of selections with length
    // equal the number of selections)
    function extendSelections(doc, heads, options) {
        for (var out = [], i = 0; i < doc.sel.ranges.length; i++)
            out[i] = extendRange(doc, doc.sel.ranges[i], heads[i], null);
        var newSel = normalizeSelection(out, doc.sel.primIndex);
        setSelection(doc, newSel, options);
    }

    // Updates a single range in the selection.
    function replaceOneSelection(doc, i, range, options) {
        var ranges = doc.sel.ranges.slice(0);
        ranges[i] = range;
        setSelection(doc, normalizeSelection(ranges, doc.sel.primIndex), options);
    }

    // Reset the selection to a single range.
    function setSimpleSelection(doc, anchor, head, options) {
        setSelection(doc, simpleSelection(anchor, head), options);
    }

    // Give beforeSelectionChange handlers a change to influence a
    // selection update.
    function filterSelectionChange(doc, sel) {
        var obj = {
            ranges: sel.ranges,
            update: function (ranges) {
                this.ranges = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++)
                    this.ranges[i] = new Range(clipPos(doc, ranges[i].anchor),
                        clipPos(doc, ranges[i].head));
            }
        };
        signal(doc, "beforeSelectionChange", doc, obj);
        if (doc.cm) signal(doc.cm, "beforeSelectionChange", doc.cm, obj);
        if (obj.ranges != sel.ranges) return normalizeSelection(obj.ranges, obj.ranges.length - 1);
        else return sel;
    }

    function setSelectionReplaceHistory(doc, sel, options) {
        var done = doc.history.done, last = lst(done);
        if (last && last.ranges) {
            done[done.length - 1] = sel;
            setSelectionNoUndo(doc, sel, options);
        } else {
            setSelection(doc, sel, options);
        }
    }

    // Set a new selection.
    function setSelection(doc, sel, options) {
        setSelectionNoUndo(doc, sel, options);
        addSelectionToHistory(doc, doc.sel, doc.cm ? doc.cm.curOp.id : NaN, options);
    }

    function setSelectionNoUndo(doc, sel, options) {
        if (hasHandler(doc, "beforeSelectionChange") || doc.cm && hasHandler(doc.cm, "beforeSelectionChange"))
            sel = filterSelectionChange(doc, sel);

        var bias = options && options.bias ||
            (cmp(sel.primary().head, doc.sel.primary().head) < 0 ? -1 : 1);
        setSelectionInner(doc, skipAtomicInSelection(doc, sel, bias, true));

        if (!(options && options.scroll === false) && doc.cm)
            ensureCursorVisible(doc.cm);
    }

    function setSelectionInner(doc, sel) {
        if (sel.equals(doc.sel)) return;

        doc.sel = sel;

        if (doc.cm) {
            doc.cm.curOp.updateInput = doc.cm.curOp.selectionChanged = true;
            signalCursorActivity(doc.cm);
        }
        signalLater(doc, "cursorActivity", doc);
    }

    // Verify that the selection does not partially select any atomic
    // marked ranges.
    function reCheckSelection(doc) {
        setSelectionInner(doc, skipAtomicInSelection(doc, doc.sel, null, false), sel_dontScroll);
    }

    // Return a selection that does not partially select any atomic
    // ranges.
    function skipAtomicInSelection(doc, sel, bias, mayClear) {
        var out;
        for (var i = 0; i < sel.ranges.length; i++) {
            var range = sel.ranges[i];
            var newAnchor = skipAtomic(doc, range.anchor, bias, mayClear);
            var newHead = skipAtomic(doc, range.head, bias, mayClear);
            if (out || newAnchor != range.anchor || newHead != range.head) {
                if (!out) out = sel.ranges.slice(0, i);
                out[i] = new Range(newAnchor, newHead);
            }
        }
        return out ? normalizeSelection(out, sel.primIndex) : sel;
    }

    // Ensure a given position is not inside an atomic range.
    function skipAtomic(doc, pos, bias, mayClear) {
        var flipped = false, curPos = pos;
        var dir = bias || 1;
        doc.cantEdit = false;
        search: for (; ;) {
            var line = getLine(doc, curPos.line);
            if (line.markedSpans) {
                for (var i = 0; i < line.markedSpans.length; ++i) {
                    var sp = line.markedSpans[i], m = sp.marker;
                    if ((sp.from == null || (m.inclusiveLeft ? sp.from <= curPos.ch : sp.from < curPos.ch)) &&
                        (sp.to == null || (m.inclusiveRight ? sp.to >= curPos.ch : sp.to > curPos.ch))) {
                        if (mayClear) {
                            signal(m, "beforeCursorEnter");
                            if (m.explicitlyCleared) {
                                if (!line.markedSpans) break;
                                else {
                                    --i;
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (!m.atomic) continue;
                        var newPos = m.find(dir < 0 ? -1 : 1);
                        if (cmp(newPos, curPos) == 0) {
                            newPos.ch += dir;
                            if (newPos.ch < 0) {
                                if (newPos.line > doc.first) newPos = clipPos(doc, Pos(newPos.line - 1));
                                else newPos = null;
                            } else if (newPos.ch > line.text.length) {
                                if (newPos.line < doc.first + doc.size - 1) newPos = Pos(newPos.line + 1, 0);
                                else newPos = null;
                            }
                            if (!newPos) {
                                if (flipped) {
                                    // Driven in a corner -- no valid cursor position found at all
                                    // -- try again *with* clearing, if we didn't already
                                    if (!mayClear) return skipAtomic(doc, pos, bias, true);
                                    // Otherwise, turn off editing until further notice, and return the start of the doc
                                    doc.cantEdit = true;
                                    return Pos(doc.first, 0);
                                }
                                flipped = true;
                                newPos = pos;
                                dir = -dir;
                            }
                        }
                        curPos = newPos;
                        continue search;
                    }
                }
            }
            return curPos;
        }
    }

    // SELECTION DRAWING

    // Redraw the selection and/or cursor
    function drawSelection(cm) {
        var display = cm.display, doc = cm.doc, result = {};
        var curFragment = result.cursors = document.createDocumentFragment();
        var selFragment = result.selection = document.createDocumentFragment();

        for (var i = 0; i < doc.sel.ranges.length; i++) {
            var range = doc.sel.ranges[i];
            var collapsed = range.empty();
            if (collapsed || cm.options.showCursorWhenSelecting)
                drawSelectionCursor(cm, range, curFragment);
            if (!collapsed)
                drawSelectionRange(cm, range, selFragment);
        }

        // Move the hidden textarea near the cursor to prevent scrolling artifacts
        if (cm.options.moveInputWithCursor) {
            var headPos = cursorCoords(cm, doc.sel.primary().head, "div");
            var wrapOff = display.wrapper.getBoundingClientRect(), lineOff = display.lineDiv.getBoundingClientRect();
            result.teTop = Math.max(0, Math.min(display.wrapper.clientHeight - 10,
                headPos.top + lineOff.top - wrapOff.top));
            result.teLeft = Math.max(0, Math.min(display.wrapper.clientWidth - 10,
                headPos.left + lineOff.left - wrapOff.left));
        }

        return result;
    }

    function showSelection(cm, drawn) {
        removeChildrenAndAdd(cm.display.cursorDiv, drawn.cursors);
        removeChildrenAndAdd(cm.display.selectionDiv, drawn.selection);
        if (drawn.teTop != null) {
            cm.display.inputDiv.style.top = drawn.teTop + "px";
            cm.display.inputDiv.style.left = drawn.teLeft + "px";
        }
    }

    function updateSelection(cm) {
        showSelection(cm, drawSelection(cm));
    }

    // Draws a cursor for the given range
    function drawSelectionCursor(cm, range, output) {
        var pos = cursorCoords(cm, range.head, "div", null, null, !cm.options.singleCursorHeightPerLine);

        var cursor = output.appendChild(elt("div", "\u00a0", "CodeMirror-cursor"));
        cursor.style.left = pos.left + "px";
        cursor.style.top = pos.top + "px";
        cursor.style.height = Math.max(0, pos.bottom - pos.top) * cm.options.cursorHeight + "px";

        if (pos.other) {
            // Secondary cursor, shown when on a 'jump' in bi-directional text
            var otherCursor = output.appendChild(elt("div", "\u00a0", "CodeMirror-cursor CodeMirror-secondarycursor"));
            otherCursor.style.display = "";
            otherCursor.style.left = pos.other.left + "px";
            otherCursor.style.top = pos.other.top + "px";
            otherCursor.style.height = (pos.other.bottom - pos.other.top) * .85 + "px";
        }
    }

    // Draws the given range as a highlighted selection
    function drawSelectionRange(cm, range, output) {
        var display = cm.display, doc = cm.doc;
        var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
        var padding = paddingH(cm.display), leftSide = padding.left,
            rightSide = display.lineSpace.offsetWidth - padding.right;

        function add(left, top, width, bottom) {
            if (top < 0) top = 0;
            top = Math.round(top);
            bottom = Math.round(bottom);
            fragment.appendChild(elt("div", null, "CodeMirror-selected", "position: absolute; left: " + left +
                "px; top: " + top + "px; width: " + (width == null ? rightSide - left : width) +
                "px; height: " + (bottom - top) + "px"));
        }

        function drawForLine(line, fromArg, toArg) {
            var lineObj = getLine(doc, line);
            var lineLen = lineObj.text.length;
            var start, end;

            function coords(ch, bias) {
                return charCoords(cm, Pos(line, ch), "div", lineObj, bias);
            }

            iterateBidiSections(getOrder(lineObj), fromArg || 0, toArg == null ? lineLen : toArg, function (from, to, dir) {
                var leftPos = coords(from, "left"), rightPos, left, right;
                if (from == to) {
                    rightPos = leftPos;
                    left = right = leftPos.left;
                } else {
                    rightPos = coords(to - 1, "right");
                    if (dir == "rtl") {
                        var tmp = leftPos;
                        leftPos = rightPos;
                        rightPos = tmp;
                    }
                    left = leftPos.left;
                    right = rightPos.right;
                }
                if (fromArg == null && from == 0) left = leftSide;
                if (rightPos.top - leftPos.top > 3) { // Different lines, draw top part
                    add(left, leftPos.top, null, leftPos.bottom);
                    left = leftSide;
                    if (leftPos.bottom < rightPos.top) add(left, leftPos.bottom, null, rightPos.top);
                }
                if (toArg == null && to == lineLen) right = rightSide;
                if (!start || leftPos.top < start.top || leftPos.top == start.top && leftPos.left < start.left)
                    start = leftPos;
                if (!end || rightPos.bottom > end.bottom || rightPos.bottom == end.bottom && rightPos.right > end.right)
                    end = rightPos;
                if (left < leftSide + 1) left = leftSide;
                add(left, rightPos.top, right - left, rightPos.bottom);
            });
            return {start: start, end: end};
        }

        var sFrom = range.from(), sTo = range.to();
        if (sFrom.line == sTo.line) {
            drawForLine(sFrom.line, sFrom.ch, sTo.ch);
        } else {
            var fromLine = getLine(doc, sFrom.line), toLine = getLine(doc, sTo.line);
            var singleVLine = visualLine(fromLine) == visualLine(toLine);
            var leftEnd = drawForLine(sFrom.line, sFrom.ch, singleVLine ? fromLine.text.length + 1 : null).end;
            var rightStart = drawForLine(sTo.line, singleVLine ? 0 : null, sTo.ch).start;
            if (singleVLine) {
                if (leftEnd.top < rightStart.top - 2) {
                    add(leftEnd.right, leftEnd.top, null, leftEnd.bottom);
                    add(leftSide, rightStart.top, rightStart.left, rightStart.bottom);
                } else {
                    add(leftEnd.right, leftEnd.top, rightStart.left - leftEnd.right, leftEnd.bottom);
                }
            }
            if (leftEnd.bottom < rightStart.top)
                add(leftSide, leftEnd.bottom, null, rightStart.top);
        }

        output.appendChild(fragment);
    }

    // Cursor-blinking
    function restartBlink(cm) {
        if (!cm.state.focused) return;
        var display = cm.display;
        clearInterval(display.blinker);
        var on = true;
        display.cursorDiv.style.visibility = "";
        if (cm.options.cursorBlinkRate > 0)
            display.blinker = setInterval(function () {
                display.cursorDiv.style.visibility = (on = !on) ? "" : "hidden";
            }, cm.options.cursorBlinkRate);
        else if (cm.options.cursorBlinkRate < 0)
            display.cursorDiv.style.visibility = "hidden";
    }

    // HIGHLIGHT WORKER

    function startWorker(cm, time) {
        if (cm.doc.mode.startState && cm.doc.frontier < cm.display.viewTo)
            cm.state.highlight.set(time, bind(highlightWorker, cm));
    }

    function highlightWorker(cm) {
        var doc = cm.doc;
        if (doc.frontier < doc.first) doc.frontier = doc.first;
        if (doc.frontier >= cm.display.viewTo) return;
        var end = +new Date + cm.options.workTime;
        var state = copyState(doc.mode, getStateBefore(cm, doc.frontier));
        var changedLines = [];

        doc.iter(doc.frontier, Math.min(doc.first + doc.size, cm.display.viewTo + 500), function (line) {
            if (doc.frontier >= cm.display.viewFrom) { // Visible
                var oldStyles = line.styles;
                var highlighted = highlightLine(cm, line, state, true);
                line.styles = highlighted.styles;
                var oldCls = line.styleClasses, newCls = highlighted.classes;
                if (newCls) line.styleClasses = newCls;
                else if (oldCls) line.styleClasses = null;
                var ischange = !oldStyles || oldStyles.length != line.styles.length ||
                    oldCls != newCls && (!oldCls || !newCls || oldCls.bgClass != newCls.bgClass || oldCls.textClass != newCls.textClass);
                for (var i = 0; !ischange && i < oldStyles.length; ++i) ischange = oldStyles[i] != line.styles[i];
                if (ischange) changedLines.push(doc.frontier);
                line.stateAfter = copyState(doc.mode, state);
            } else {
                processLine(cm, line.text, state);
                line.stateAfter = doc.frontier % 5 == 0 ? copyState(doc.mode, state) : null;
            }
            ++doc.frontier;
            if (+new Date > end) {
                startWorker(cm, cm.options.workDelay);
                return true;
            }
        });
        if (changedLines.length) runInOp(cm, function () {
            for (var i = 0; i < changedLines.length; i++)
                regLineChange(cm, changedLines[i], "text");
        });
    }

    // Finds the line to start with when starting a parse. Tries to
    // find a line with a stateAfter, so that it can start with a
    // valid state. If that fails, it returns the line with the
    // smallest indentation, which tends to need the least context to
    // parse correctly.
    function findStartLine(cm, n, precise) {
        var minindent, minline, doc = cm.doc;
        var lim = precise ? -1 : n - (cm.doc.mode.innerMode ? 1000 : 100);
        for (var search = n; search > lim; --search) {
            if (search <= doc.first) return doc.first;
            var line = getLine(doc, search - 1);
            if (line.stateAfter && (!precise || search <= doc.frontier)) return search;
            var indented = countColumn(line.text, null, cm.options.tabSize);
            if (minline == null || minindent > indented) {
                minline = search - 1;
                minindent = indented;
            }
        }
        return minline;
    }

    function getStateBefore(cm, n, precise) {
        var doc = cm.doc, display = cm.display;
        if (!doc.mode.startState) return true;
        var pos = findStartLine(cm, n, precise), state = pos > doc.first && getLine(doc, pos - 1).stateAfter;
        if (!state) state = startState(doc.mode);
        else state = copyState(doc.mode, state);
        doc.iter(pos, n, function (line) {
            processLine(cm, line.text, state);
            var save = pos == n - 1 || pos % 5 == 0 || pos >= display.viewFrom && pos < display.viewTo;
            line.stateAfter = save ? copyState(doc.mode, state) : null;
            ++pos;
        });
        if (precise) doc.frontier = pos;
        return state;
    }

    // POSITION MEASUREMENT

    function paddingTop(display) {
        return display.lineSpace.offsetTop;
    }

    function paddingVert(display) {
        return display.mover.offsetHeight - display.lineSpace.offsetHeight;
    }

    function paddingH(display) {
        if (display.cachedPaddingH) return display.cachedPaddingH;
        var e = removeChildrenAndAdd(display.measure, elt("pre", "x"));
        var style = window.getComputedStyle ? window.getComputedStyle(e) : e.currentStyle;
        var data = {left: parseInt(style.paddingLeft), right: parseInt(style.paddingRight)};
        if (!isNaN(data.left) && !isNaN(data.right)) display.cachedPaddingH = data;
        return data;
    }

    // Ensure the lineView.wrapping.heights array is populated. This is
    // an array of bottom offsets for the lines that make up a drawn
    // line. When lineWrapping is on, there might be more than one
    // height.
    function ensureLineHeights(cm, lineView, rect) {
        var wrapping = cm.options.lineWrapping;
        var curWidth = wrapping && cm.display.scroller.clientWidth;
        if (!lineView.measure.heights || wrapping && lineView.measure.width != curWidth) {
            var heights = lineView.measure.heights = [];
            if (wrapping) {
                lineView.measure.width = curWidth;
                var rects = lineView.text.firstChild.getClientRects();
                for (var i = 0; i < rects.length - 1; i++) {
                    var cur = rects[i], next = rects[i + 1];
                    if (Math.abs(cur.bottom - next.bottom) > 2)
                        heights.push((cur.bottom + next.top) / 2 - rect.top);
                }
            }
            heights.push(rect.bottom - rect.top);
        }
    }

    // Find a line map (mapping character offsets to text nodes) and a
    // measurement cache for the given line number. (A line view might
    // contain multiple lines when collapsed ranges are present.)
    function mapFromLineView(lineView, line, lineN) {
        if (lineView.line == line)
            return {map: lineView.measure.map, cache: lineView.measure.cache};
        for (var i = 0; i < lineView.rest.length; i++)
            if (lineView.rest[i] == line)
                return {map: lineView.measure.maps[i], cache: lineView.measure.caches[i]};
        for (var i = 0; i < lineView.rest.length; i++)
            if (lineNo(lineView.rest[i]) > lineN)
                return {map: lineView.measure.maps[i], cache: lineView.measure.caches[i], before: true};
    }

    // Render a line into the hidden node display.externalMeasured. Used
    // when measurement is needed for a line that's not in the viewport.
    function updateExternalMeasurement(cm, line) {
        line = visualLine(line);
        var lineN = lineNo(line);
        var view = cm.display.externalMeasured = new LineView(cm.doc, line, lineN);
        view.lineN = lineN;
        var built = view.built = buildLineContent(cm, view);
        view.text = built.pre;
        removeChildrenAndAdd(cm.display.lineMeasure, built.pre);
        return view;
    }

    // Get a {top, bottom, left, right} box (in line-local coordinates)
    // for a given character.
    function measureChar(cm, line, ch, bias) {
        return measureCharPrepared(cm, prepareMeasureForLine(cm, line), ch, bias);
    }

    // Find a line view that corresponds to the given line number.
    function findViewForLine(cm, lineN) {
        if (lineN >= cm.display.viewFrom && lineN < cm.display.viewTo)
            return cm.display.view[findViewIndex(cm, lineN)];
        var ext = cm.display.externalMeasured;
        if (ext && lineN >= ext.lineN && lineN < ext.lineN + ext.size)
            return ext;
    }

    // Measurement can be split in two steps, the set-up work that
    // applies to the whole line, and the measurement of the actual
    // character. Functions like coordsChar, that need to do a lot of
    // measurements in a row, can thus ensure that the set-up work is
    // only done once.
    function prepareMeasureForLine(cm, line) {
        var lineN = lineNo(line);
        var view = findViewForLine(cm, lineN);
        if (view && !view.text)
            view = null;
        else if (view && view.changes)
            updateLineForChanges(cm, view, lineN, getDimensions(cm));
        if (!view)
            view = updateExternalMeasurement(cm, line);

        var info = mapFromLineView(view, line, lineN);
        return {
            line: line, view: view, rect: null,
            map: info.map, cache: info.cache, before: info.before,
            hasHeights: false
        };
    }

    // Given a prepared measurement object, measures the position of an
    // actual character (or fetches it from the cache).
    function measureCharPrepared(cm, prepared, ch, bias, varHeight) {
        if (prepared.before) ch = -1;
        var key = ch + (bias || ""), found;
        if (prepared.cache.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            found = prepared.cache[key];
        } else {
            if (!prepared.rect)
                prepared.rect = prepared.view.text.getBoundingClientRect();
            if (!prepared.hasHeights) {
                ensureLineHeights(cm, prepared.view, prepared.rect);
                prepared.hasHeights = true;
            }
            found = measureCharInner(cm, prepared, ch, bias);
            if (!found.bogus) prepared.cache[key] = found;
        }
        return {
            left: found.left, right: found.right,
            top: varHeight ? found.rtop : found.top,
            bottom: varHeight ? found.rbottom : found.bottom
        };
    }

    var nullRect = {left: 0, right: 0, top: 0, bottom: 0};

    function measureCharInner(cm, prepared, ch, bias) {
        var map = prepared.map;

        var node, start, end, collapse;
        // First, search the line map for the text node corresponding to,
        // or closest to, the target character.
        for (var i = 0; i < map.length; i += 3) {
            var mStart = map[i], mEnd = map[i + 1];
            if (ch < mStart) {
                start = 0;
                end = 1;
                collapse = "left";
            } else if (ch < mEnd) {
                start = ch - mStart;
                end = start + 1;
            } else if (i == map.length - 3 || ch == mEnd && map[i + 3] > ch) {
                end = mEnd - mStart;
                start = end - 1;
                if (ch >= mEnd) collapse = "right";
            }
            if (start != null) {
                node = map[i + 2];
                if (mStart == mEnd && bias == (node.insertLeft ? "left" : "right"))
                    collapse = bias;
                if (bias == "left" && start == 0)
                    while (i && map[i - 2] == map[i - 3] && map[i - 1].insertLeft) {
                        node = map[(i -= 3) + 2];
                        collapse = "left";
                    }
                if (bias == "right" && start == mEnd - mStart)
                    while (i < map.length - 3 && map[i + 3] == map[i + 4] && !map[i + 5].insertLeft) {
                        node = map[(i += 3) + 2];
                        collapse = "right";
                    }
                break;
            }
        }

        var rect;
        if (node.nodeType == 3) { // If it is a text node, use a range to retrieve the coordinates.
            for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // Retry a maximum of 4 times when nonsense rectangles are returned
                while (start && isExtendingChar(prepared.line.text.charAt(mStart + start))) --start;
                while (mStart + end < mEnd && isExtendingChar(prepared.line.text.charAt(mStart + end))) ++end;
                if (ie && ie_version < 9 && start == 0 && end == mEnd - mStart) {
                    rect = node.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect();
                } else if (ie && cm.options.lineWrapping) {
                    var rects = range(node, start, end).getClientRects();
                    if (rects.length)
                        rect = rects[bias == "right" ? rects.length - 1 : 0];
                    else
                        rect = nullRect;
                } else {
                    rect = range(node, start, end).getBoundingClientRect() || nullRect;
                }
                if (rect.left || rect.right || start == 0) break;
                end = start;
                start = start - 1;
                collapse = "right";
            }
            if (ie && ie_version < 11) rect = maybeUpdateRectForZooming(cm.display.measure, rect);
        } else { // If it is a widget, simply get the box for the whole widget.
            if (start > 0) collapse = bias = "right";
            var rects;
            if (cm.options.lineWrapping && (rects = node.getClientRects()).length > 1)
                rect = rects[bias == "right" ? rects.length - 1 : 0];
            else
                rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();
        }
        if (ie && ie_version < 9 && !start && (!rect || !rect.left && !rect.right)) {
            var rSpan = node.parentNode.getClientRects()[0];
            if (rSpan)
                rect = {
                    left: rSpan.left,
                    right: rSpan.left + charWidth(cm.display),
                    top: rSpan.top,
                    bottom: rSpan.bottom
                };
            else
                rect = nullRect;
        }

        var rtop = rect.top - prepared.rect.top, rbot = rect.bottom - prepared.rect.top;
        var mid = (rtop + rbot) / 2;
        var heights = prepared.view.measure.heights;
        for (var i = 0; i < heights.length - 1; i++)
            if (mid < heights[i]) break;
        var top = i ? heights[i - 1] : 0, bot = heights[i];
        var result = {
            left: (collapse == "right" ? rect.right : rect.left) - prepared.rect.left,
            right: (collapse == "left" ? rect.left : rect.right) - prepared.rect.left,
            top: top, bottom: bot
        };
        if (!rect.left && !rect.right) result.bogus = true;
        if (!cm.options.singleCursorHeightPerLine) {
            result.rtop = rtop;
            result.rbottom = rbot;
        }

        return result;
    }

    // Work around problem with bounding client rects on ranges being
    // returned incorrectly when zoomed on IE10 and below.
    function maybeUpdateRectForZooming(measure, rect) {
        if (!window.screen || screen.logicalXDPI == null ||
            screen.logicalXDPI == screen.deviceXDPI || !hasBadZoomedRects(measure))
            return rect;
        var scaleX = screen.logicalXDPI / screen.deviceXDPI;
        var scaleY = screen.logicalYDPI / screen.deviceYDPI;
        return {
            left: rect.left * scaleX, right: rect.right * scaleX,
            top: rect.top * scaleY, bottom: rect.bottom * scaleY
        };
    }

    function clearLineMeasurementCacheFor(lineView) {
        if (lineView.measure) {
            lineView.measure.cache = {};
            lineView.measure.heights = null;
            if (lineView.rest) for (var i = 0; i < lineView.rest.length; i++)
                lineView.measure.caches[i] = {};
        }
    }

    function clearLineMeasurementCache(cm) {
        cm.display.externalMeasure = null;
        removeChildren(cm.display.lineMeasure);
        for (var i = 0; i < cm.display.view.length; i++)
            clearLineMeasurementCacheFor(cm.display.view[i]);
    }

    function clearCaches(cm) {
        clearLineMeasurementCache(cm);
        cm.display.cachedCharWidth = cm.display.cachedTextHeight = cm.display.cachedPaddingH = null;
        if (!cm.options.lineWrapping) cm.display.maxLineChanged = true;
        cm.display.lineNumChars = null;
    }

    function pageScrollX() {
        return window.pageXOffset || (document.documentElement || document.body).scrollLeft;
    }

    function pageScrollY() {
        return window.pageYOffset || (document.documentElement || document.body).scrollTop;
    }

    // Converts a {top, bottom, left, right} box from line-local
    // coordinates into another coordinate system. Context may be one of
    // "line", "div" (display.lineDiv), "local"/null (editor), or "page".
    function intoCoordSystem(cm, lineObj, rect, context) {
        if (lineObj.widgets) for (var i = 0; i < lineObj.widgets.length; ++i) if (lineObj.widgets[i].above) {
            var size = widgetHeight(lineObj.widgets[i]);
            rect.top += size;
            rect.bottom += size;
        }
        if (context == "line") return rect;
        if (!context) context = "local";
        var yOff = heightAtLine(lineObj);
        if (context == "local") yOff += paddingTop(cm.display);
        else yOff -= cm.display.viewOffset;
        if (context == "page" || context == "window") {
            var lOff = cm.display.lineSpace.getBoundingClientRect();
            yOff += lOff.top + (context == "window" ? 0 : pageScrollY());
            var xOff = lOff.left + (context == "window" ? 0 : pageScrollX());
            rect.left += xOff;
            rect.right += xOff;
        }
        rect.top += yOff;
        rect.bottom += yOff;
        return rect;
    }

    // Coverts a box from "div" coords to another coordinate system.
    // Context may be "window", "page", "div", or "local"/null.
    function fromCoordSystem(cm, coords, context) {
        if (context == "div") return coords;
        var left = coords.left, top = coords.top;
        // First move into "page" coordinate system
        if (context == "page") {
            left -= pageScrollX();
            top -= pageScrollY();
        } else if (context == "local" || !context) {
            var localBox = cm.display.sizer.getBoundingClientRect();
            left += localBox.left;
            top += localBox.top;
        }

        var lineSpaceBox = cm.display.lineSpace.getBoundingClientRect();
        return {left: left - lineSpaceBox.left, top: top - lineSpaceBox.top};
    }

    function charCoords(cm, pos, context, lineObj, bias) {
        if (!lineObj) lineObj = getLine(cm.doc, pos.line);
        return intoCoordSystem(cm, lineObj, measureChar(cm, lineObj, pos.ch, bias), context);
    }

    // Returns a box for a given cursor position, which may have an
    // 'other' property containing the position of the secondary cursor
    // on a bidi boundary.
    function cursorCoords(cm, pos, context, lineObj, preparedMeasure, varHeight) {
        lineObj = lineObj || getLine(cm.doc, pos.line);
        if (!preparedMeasure) preparedMeasure = prepareMeasureForLine(cm, lineObj);

        function get(ch, right) {
            var m = measureCharPrepared(cm, preparedMeasure, ch, right ? "right" : "left", varHeight);
            if (right) m.left = m.right; else m.right = m.left;
            return intoCoordSystem(cm, lineObj, m, context);
        }

        function getBidi(ch, partPos) {
            var part = order[partPos], right = part.level % 2;
            if (ch == bidiLeft(part) && partPos && part.level < order[partPos - 1].level) {
                part = order[--partPos];
                ch = bidiRight(part) - (part.level % 2 ? 0 : 1);
                right = true;
            } else if (ch == bidiRight(part) && partPos < order.length - 1 && part.level < order[partPos + 1].level) {
                part = order[++partPos];
                ch = bidiLeft(part) - part.level % 2;
                right = false;
            }
            if (right && ch == part.to && ch > part.from) return get(ch - 1);
            return get(ch, right);
        }

        var order = getOrder(lineObj), ch = pos.ch;
        if (!order) return get(ch);
        var partPos = getBidiPartAt(order, ch);
        var val = getBidi(ch, partPos);
        if (bidiOther != null) val.other = getBidi(ch, bidiOther);
        return val;
    }

    // Used to cheaply estimate the coordinates for a position. Used for
    // intermediate scroll updates.
    function estimateCoords(cm, pos) {
        var left = 0, pos = clipPos(cm.doc, pos);
        if (!cm.options.lineWrapping) left = charWidth(cm.display) * pos.ch;
        var lineObj = getLine(cm.doc, pos.line);
        var top = heightAtLine(lineObj) + paddingTop(cm.display);
        return {left: left, right: left, top: top, bottom: top + lineObj.height};
    }

    // Positions returned by coordsChar contain some extra information.
    // xRel is the relative x position of the input coordinates compared
    // to the found position (so xRel > 0 means the coordinates are to
    // the right of the character position, for example). When outside
    // is true, that means the coordinates lie outside the line's
    // vertical range.
    function PosWithInfo(line, ch, outside, xRel) {
        var pos = Pos(line, ch);
        pos.xRel = xRel;
        if (outside) pos.outside = true;
        return pos;
    }

    // Compute the character position closest to the given coordinates.
    // Input must be lineSpace-local ("div" coordinate system).
    function coordsChar(cm, x, y) {
        var doc = cm.doc;
        y += cm.display.viewOffset;
        if (y < 0) return PosWithInfo(doc.first, 0, true, -1);
        var lineN = lineAtHeight(doc, y), last = doc.first + doc.size - 1;
        if (lineN > last)
            return PosWithInfo(doc.first + doc.size - 1, getLine(doc, last).text.length, true, 1);
        if (x < 0) x = 0;

        var lineObj = getLine(doc, lineN);
        for (; ;) {
            var found = coordsCharInner(cm, lineObj, lineN, x, y);
            var merged = collapsedSpanAtEnd(lineObj);
            var mergedPos = merged && merged.find(0, true);
            if (merged && (found.ch > mergedPos.from.ch || found.ch == mergedPos.from.ch && found.xRel > 0))
                lineN = lineNo(lineObj = mergedPos.to.line);
            else
                return found;
        }
    }

    function coordsCharInner(cm, lineObj, lineNo, x, y) {
        var innerOff = y - heightAtLine(lineObj);
        var wrongLine = false, adjust = 2 * cm.display.wrapper.clientWidth;
        var preparedMeasure = prepareMeasureForLine(cm, lineObj);

        function getX(ch) {
            var sp = cursorCoords(cm, Pos(lineNo, ch), "line", lineObj, preparedMeasure);
            wrongLine = true;
            if (innerOff > sp.bottom) return sp.left - adjust;
            else if (innerOff < sp.top) return sp.left + adjust;
            else wrongLine = false;
            return sp.left;
        }

        var bidi = getOrder(lineObj), dist = lineObj.text.length;
        var from = lineLeft(lineObj), to = lineRight(lineObj);
        var fromX = getX(from), fromOutside = wrongLine, toX = getX(to), toOutside = wrongLine;

        if (x > toX) return PosWithInfo(lineNo, to, toOutside, 1);
        // Do a binary search between these bounds.
        for (; ;) {
            if (bidi ? to == from || to == moveVisually(lineObj, from, 1) : to - from <= 1) {
                var ch = x < fromX || x - fromX <= toX - x ? from : to;
                var xDiff = x - (ch == from ? fromX : toX);
                while (isExtendingChar(lineObj.text.charAt(ch))) ++ch;
                var pos = PosWithInfo(lineNo, ch, ch == from ? fromOutside : toOutside,
                    xDiff < -1 ? -1 : xDiff > 1 ? 1 : 0);
                return pos;
            }
            var step = Math.ceil(dist / 2), middle = from + step;
            if (bidi) {
                middle = from;
                for (var i = 0; i < step; ++i) middle = moveVisually(lineObj, middle, 1);
            }
            var middleX = getX(middle);
            if (middleX > x) {
                to = middle;
                toX = middleX;
                if (toOutside = wrongLine) toX += 1000;
                dist = step;
            } else {
                from = middle;
                fromX = middleX;
                fromOutside = wrongLine;
                dist -= step;
            }
        }
    }

    var measureText;

    // Compute the default text height.
    function textHeight(display) {
        if (display.cachedTextHeight != null) return display.cachedTextHeight;
        if (measureText == null) {
            measureText = elt("pre");
            // Measure a bunch of lines, for browsers that compute
            // fractional heights.
            for (var i = 0; i < 49; ++i) {
                measureText.appendChild(document.createTextNode("x"));
                measureText.appendChild(elt("br"));
            }
            measureText.appendChild(document.createTextNode("x"));
        }
        removeChildrenAndAdd(display.measure, measureText);
        var height = measureText.offsetHeight / 50;
        if (height > 3) display.cachedTextHeight = height;
        removeChildren(display.measure);
        return height || 1;
    }

    // Compute the default character width.
    function charWidth(display) {
        if (display.cachedCharWidth != null) return display.cachedCharWidth;
        var anchor = elt("span", "xxxxxxxxxx");
        var pre = elt("pre", [anchor]);
        removeChildrenAndAdd(display.measure, pre);
        var rect = anchor.getBoundingClientRect(), width = (rect.right - rect.left) / 10;
        if (width > 2) display.cachedCharWidth = width;
        return width || 10;
    }

    // OPERATIONS

    // Operations are used to wrap a series of changes to the editor
    // state in such a way that each change won't have to update the
    // cursor and display (which would be awkward, slow, and
    // error-prone). Instead, display updates are batched and then all
    // combined and executed at once.

    var operationGroup = null;

    var nextOpId = 0;

    // Start a new operation.
    function startOperation(cm) {
        cm.curOp = {
            cm: cm,
            viewChanged: false,      // Flag that indicates that lines might need to be redrawn
            startHeight: cm.doc.height, // Used to detect need to update scrollbar
            forceUpdate: false,      // Used to force a redraw
            updateInput: null,       // Whether to reset the input textarea
            typing: false,           // Whether this reset should be careful to leave existing text (for compositing)
            changeObjs: null,        // Accumulated changes, for firing change events
            cursorActivityHandlers: null, // Set of handlers to fire cursorActivity on
            cursorActivityCalled: 0, // Tracks which cursorActivity handlers have been called already
            selectionChanged: false, // Whether the selection needs to be redrawn
            updateMaxLine: false,    // Set when the widest line needs to be determined anew
            scrollLeft: null, scrollTop: null, // Intermediate scroll position, not pushed to DOM yet
            scrollToPos: null,       // Used to scroll to a specific position
            id: ++nextOpId           // Unique ID
        };
        if (operationGroup) {
            operationGroup.ops.push(cm.curOp);
        } else {
            cm.curOp.ownsGroup = operationGroup = {
                ops: [cm.curOp],
                delayedCallbacks: []
            };
        }
    }

    function fireCallbacksForOps(group) {
        // Calls delayed callbacks and cursorActivity handlers until no
        // new ones appear
        var callbacks = group.delayedCallbacks, i = 0;
        do {
            for (; i < callbacks.length; i++)
                callbacks[i]();
            for (var j = 0; j < group.ops.length; j++) {
                var op = group.ops[j];
                if (op.cursorActivityHandlers)
                    while (op.cursorActivityCalled < op.cursorActivityHandlers.length)
                        op.cursorActivityHandlers[op.cursorActivityCalled++](op.cm);
            }
        } while (i < callbacks.length);
    }

    // Finish an operation, updating the display and signalling delayed events
    function endOperation(cm) {
        var op = cm.curOp, group = op.ownsGroup;
        if (!group) return;

        try {
            fireCallbacksForOps(group);
        } finally {
            operationGroup = null;
            for (var i = 0; i < group.ops.length; i++)
                group.ops[i].cm.curOp = null;
            endOperations(group);
        }
    }

    // The DOM updates done when an operation finishes are batched so
    // that the minimum number of relayouts are required.
    function endOperations(group) {
        var ops = group.ops;
        for (var i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) // Read DOM
            endOperation_R1(ops[i]);
        for (var i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) // Write DOM (maybe)
            endOperation_W1(ops[i]);
        for (var i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) // Read DOM
            endOperation_R2(ops[i]);
        for (var i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) // Write DOM (maybe)
            endOperation_W2(ops[i]);
        for (var i = 0; i < ops.length; i++) // Read DOM
            endOperation_finish(ops[i]);
    }

    function endOperation_R1(op) {
        var cm = op.cm, display = cm.display;
        if (op.updateMaxLine) findMaxLine(cm);

        op.mustUpdate = op.viewChanged || op.forceUpdate || op.scrollTop != null ||
            op.scrollToPos && (op.scrollToPos.from.line < display.viewFrom ||
                op.scrollToPos.to.line >= display.viewTo) ||
            display.maxLineChanged && cm.options.lineWrapping;
        op.update = op.mustUpdate &&
            new DisplayUpdate(cm, op.mustUpdate && {top: op.scrollTop, ensure: op.scrollToPos}, op.forceUpdate);
    }

    function endOperation_W1(op) {
        op.updatedDisplay = op.mustUpdate && updateDisplayIfNeeded(op.cm, op.update);
    }

    function endOperation_R2(op) {
        var cm = op.cm, display = cm.display;
        if (op.updatedDisplay) updateHeightsInViewport(cm);

        op.barMeasure = measureForScrollbars(cm);

        // If the max line changed since it was last measured, measure it,
        // and ensure the document's width matches it.
        // updateDisplay_W2 will use these properties to do the actual resizing
        if (display.maxLineChanged && !cm.options.lineWrapping) {
            op.adjustWidthTo = measureChar(cm, display.maxLine, display.maxLine.text.length).left + 3;
            op.maxScrollLeft = Math.max(0, display.sizer.offsetLeft + op.adjustWidthTo +
                scrollerCutOff - display.scroller.clientWidth);
        }

        if (op.updatedDisplay || op.selectionChanged)
            op.newSelectionNodes = drawSelection(cm);
    }

    function endOperation_W2(op) {
        var cm = op.cm;

        if (op.adjustWidthTo != null) {
            cm.display.sizer.style.minWidth = op.adjustWidthTo + "px";
            if (op.maxScrollLeft < cm.doc.scrollLeft)
                setScrollLeft(cm, Math.min(cm.display.scroller.scrollLeft, op.maxScrollLeft), true);
            cm.display.maxLineChanged = false;
        }

        if (op.newSelectionNodes)
            showSelection(cm, op.newSelectionNodes);
        if (op.updatedDisplay)
            setDocumentHeight(cm, op.barMeasure);
        if (op.updatedDisplay || op.startHeight != cm.doc.height)
            updateScrollbars(cm, op.barMeasure);

        if (op.selectionChanged) restartBlink(cm);

        if (cm.state.focused && op.updateInput)
            resetInput(cm, op.typing);
    }

    function endOperation_finish(op) {
        var cm = op.cm, display = cm.display, doc = cm.doc;

        if (op.adjustWidthTo != null && Math.abs(op.barMeasure.scrollWidth - cm.display.scroller.scrollWidth) > 1)
            updateScrollbars(cm);

        if (op.updatedDisplay) postUpdateDisplay(cm, op.update);

        // Abort mouse wheel delta measurement, when scrolling explicitly
        if (display.wheelStartX != null && (op.scrollTop != null || op.scrollLeft != null || op.scrollToPos))
            display.wheelStartX = display.wheelStartY = null;

        // Propagate the scroll position to the actual DOM scroller
        if (op.scrollTop != null && (display.scroller.scrollTop != op.scrollTop || op.forceScroll)) {
            var top = Math.max(0, Math.min(display.scroller.scrollHeight - display.scroller.clientHeight, op.scrollTop));
            display.scroller.scrollTop = display.scrollbarV.scrollTop = doc.scrollTop = top;
        }
        if (op.scrollLeft != null && (display.scroller.scrollLeft != op.scrollLeft || op.forceScroll)) {
            var left = Math.max(0, Math.min(display.scroller.scrollWidth - display.scroller.clientWidth, op.scrollLeft));
            display.scroller.scrollLeft = display.scrollbarH.scrollLeft = doc.scrollLeft = left;
            alignHorizontally(cm);
        }
        // If we need to scroll a specific position into view, do so.
        if (op.scrollToPos) {
            var coords = scrollPosIntoView(cm, clipPos(doc, op.scrollToPos.from),
                clipPos(doc, op.scrollToPos.to), op.scrollToPos.margin);
            if (op.scrollToPos.isCursor && cm.state.focused) maybeScrollWindow(cm, coords);
        }

        // Fire events for markers that are hidden/unidden by editing or
        // undoing
        var hidden = op.maybeHiddenMarkers, unhidden = op.maybeUnhiddenMarkers;
        if (hidden) for (var i = 0; i < hidden.length; ++i)
            if (!hidden[i].lines.length) signal(hidden[i], "hide");
        if (unhidden) for (var i = 0; i < unhidden.length; ++i)
            if (unhidden[i].lines.length) signal(unhidden[i], "unhide");

        if (display.wrapper.offsetHeight)
            doc.scrollTop = cm.display.scroller.scrollTop;

        // Apply workaround for two webkit bugs
        if (op.updatedDisplay && webkit) {
            if (cm.options.lineWrapping)
                checkForWebkitWidthBug(cm, op.barMeasure); // (Issue #2420)
            if (op.barMeasure.scrollWidth > op.barMeasure.clientWidth &&
                op.barMeasure.scrollWidth < op.barMeasure.clientWidth + 1 &&
                !hScrollbarTakesSpace(cm))
                updateScrollbars(cm); // (Issue #2562)
        }

        // Fire change events, and delayed event handlers
        if (op.changeObjs)
            signal(cm, "changes", cm, op.changeObjs);
    }

    // Run the given function in an operation
    function runInOp(cm, f) {
        if (cm.curOp) return f();
        startOperation(cm);
        try {
            return f();
        } finally {
            endOperation(cm);
        }
    }

    // Wraps a function in an operation. Returns the wrapped function.
    function operation(cm, f) {
        return function () {
            if (cm.curOp) return f.apply(cm, arguments);
            startOperation(cm);
            try {
                return f.apply(cm, arguments);
            } finally {
                endOperation(cm);
            }
        };
    }

    // Used to add methods to editor and doc instances, wrapping them in
    // operations.
    function methodOp(f) {
        return function () {
            if (this.curOp) return f.apply(this, arguments);
            startOperation(this);
            try {
                return f.apply(this, arguments);
            } finally {
                endOperation(this);
            }
        };
    }

    function docMethodOp(f) {
        return function () {
            var cm = this.cm;
            if (!cm || cm.curOp) return f.apply(this, arguments);
            startOperation(cm);
            try {
                return f.apply(this, arguments);
            } finally {
                endOperation(cm);
            }
        };
    }

    // VIEW TRACKING

    // These objects are used to represent the visible (currently drawn)
    // part of the document. A LineView may correspond to multiple
    // logical lines, if those are connected by collapsed ranges.
    function LineView(doc, line, lineN) {
        // The starting line
        this.line = line;
        // Continuing lines, if any
        this.rest = visualLineContinued(line);
        // Number of logical lines in this visual line
        this.size = this.rest ? lineNo(lst(this.rest)) - lineN + 1 : 1;
        this.node = this.text = null;
        this.hidden = lineIsHidden(doc, line);
    }

    // Create a range of LineView objects for the given lines.
    function buildViewArray(cm, from, to) {
        var array = [], nextPos;
        for (var pos = from; pos < to; pos = nextPos) {
            var view = new LineView(cm.doc, getLine(cm.doc, pos), pos);
            nextPos = pos + view.size;
            array.push(view);
        }
        return array;
    }

    // Updates the display.view data structure for a given change to the
    // document. From and to are in pre-change coordinates. Lendiff is
    // the amount of lines added or subtracted by the change. This is
    // used for changes that span multiple lines, or change the way
    // lines are divided into visual lines. regLineChange (below)
    // registers single-line changes.
    function regChange(cm, from, to, lendiff) {
        if (from == null) from = cm.doc.first;
        if (to == null) to = cm.doc.first + cm.doc.size;
        if (!lendiff) lendiff = 0;

        var display = cm.display;
        if (lendiff && to < display.viewTo &&
            (display.updateLineNumbers == null || display.updateLineNumbers > from))
            display.updateLineNumbers = from;

        cm.curOp.viewChanged = true;

        if (from >= display.viewTo) { // Change after
            if (sawCollapsedSpans && visualLineNo(cm.doc, from) < display.viewTo)
                resetView(cm);
        } else if (to <= display.viewFrom) { // Change before
            if (sawCollapsedSpans && visualLineEndNo(cm.doc, to + lendiff) > display.viewFrom) {
                resetView(cm);
            } else {
                display.viewFrom += lendiff;
                display.viewTo += lendiff;
            }
        } else if (from <= display.viewFrom && to >= display.viewTo) { // Full overlap
            resetView(cm);
        } else if (from <= display.viewFrom) { // Top overlap
            var cut = viewCuttingPoint(cm, to, to + lendiff, 1);
            if (cut) {
                display.view = display.view.slice(cut.index);
                display.viewFrom = cut.lineN;
                display.viewTo += lendiff;
            } else {
                resetView(cm);
            }
        } else if (to >= display.viewTo) { // Bottom overlap
            var cut = viewCuttingPoint(cm, from, from, -1);
            if (cut) {
                display.view = display.view.slice(0, cut.index);
                display.viewTo = cut.lineN;
            } else {
                resetView(cm);
            }
        } else { // Gap in the middle
            var cutTop = viewCuttingPoint(cm, from, from, -1);
            var cutBot = viewCuttingPoint(cm, to, to + lendiff, 1);
            if (cutTop && cutBot) {
                display.view = display.view.slice(0, cutTop.index)
                    .concat(buildViewArray(cm, cutTop.lineN, cutBot.lineN))
                    .concat(display.view.slice(cutBot.index));
                display.viewTo += lendiff;
            } else {
                resetView(cm);
            }
        }

        var ext = display.externalMeasured;
        if (ext) {
            if (to < ext.lineN)
                ext.lineN += lendiff;
            else if (from < ext.lineN + ext.size)
                display.externalMeasured = null;
        }
    }

    // Register a change to a single line. Type must be one of "text",
    // "gutter", "class", "widget"
    function regLineChange(cm, line, type) {
        cm.curOp.viewChanged = true;
        var display = cm.display, ext = cm.display.externalMeasured;
        if (ext && line >= ext.lineN && line < ext.lineN + ext.size)
            display.externalMeasured = null;

        if (line < display.viewFrom || line >= display.viewTo) return;
        var lineView = display.view[findViewIndex(cm, line)];
        if (lineView.node == null) return;
        var arr = lineView.changes || (lineView.changes = []);
        if (indexOf(arr, type) == -1) arr.push(type);
    }

    // Clear the view.
    function resetView(cm) {
        cm.display.viewFrom = cm.display.viewTo = cm.doc.first;
        cm.display.view = [];
        cm.display.viewOffset = 0;
    }

    // Find the view element corresponding to a given line. Return null
    // when the line isn't visible.
    function findViewIndex(cm, n) {
        if (n >= cm.display.viewTo) return null;
        n -= cm.display.viewFrom;
        if (n < 0) return null;
        var view = cm.display.view;
        for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
            n -= view[i].size;
            if (n < 0) return i;
        }
    }

    function viewCuttingPoint(cm, oldN, newN, dir) {
        var index = findViewIndex(cm, oldN), diff, view = cm.display.view;
        if (!sawCollapsedSpans || newN == cm.doc.first + cm.doc.size)
            return {index: index, lineN: newN};
        for (var i = 0, n = cm.display.viewFrom; i < index; i++)
            n += view[i].size;
        if (n != oldN) {
            if (dir > 0) {
                if (index == view.length - 1) return null;
                diff = (n + view[index].size) - oldN;
                index++;
            } else {
                diff = n - oldN;
            }
            oldN += diff;
            newN += diff;
        }
        while (visualLineNo(cm.doc, newN) != newN) {
            if (index == (dir < 0 ? 0 : view.length - 1)) return null;
            newN += dir * view[index - (dir < 0 ? 1 : 0)].size;
            index += dir;
        }
        return {index: index, lineN: newN};
    }

    // Force the view to cover a given range, adding empty view element
    // or clipping off existing ones as needed.
    function adjustView(cm, from, to) {
        var display = cm.display, view = display.view;
        if (view.length == 0 || from >= display.viewTo || to <= display.viewFrom) {
            display.view = buildViewArray(cm, from, to);
            display.viewFrom = from;
        } else {
            if (display.viewFrom > from)
                display.view = buildViewArray(cm, from, display.viewFrom).concat(display.view);
            else if (display.viewFrom < from)
                display.view = display.view.slice(findViewIndex(cm, from));
            display.viewFrom = from;
            if (display.viewTo < to)
                display.view = display.view.concat(buildViewArray(cm, display.viewTo, to));
            else if (display.viewTo > to)
                display.view = display.view.slice(0, findViewIndex(cm, to));
        }
        display.viewTo = to;
    }

    // Count the number of lines in the view whose DOM representation is
    // out of date (or nonexistent).
    function countDirtyView(cm) {
        var view = cm.display.view, dirty = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
            var lineView = view[i];
            if (!lineView.hidden && (!lineView.node || lineView.changes)) ++dirty;
        }
        return dirty;
    }

    // INPUT HANDLING

    // Poll for input changes, using the normal rate of polling. This
    // runs as long as the editor is focused.
    function slowPoll(cm) {
        if (cm.display.pollingFast) return;
        cm.display.poll.set(cm.options.pollInterval, function () {
            readInput(cm);
            if (cm.state.focused) slowPoll(cm);
        });
    }

    // When an event has just come in that is likely to add or change
    // something in the input textarea, we poll faster, to ensure that
    // the change appears on the screen quickly.
    function fastPoll(cm) {
        var missed = false;
        cm.display.pollingFast = true;

        function p() {
            var changed = readInput(cm);
            if (!changed && !missed) {
                missed = true;
                cm.display.poll.set(60, p);
            } else {
                cm.display.pollingFast = false;
                slowPoll(cm);
            }
        }

        cm.display.poll.set(20, p);
    }

    // This will be set to an array of strings when copying, so that,
    // when pasting, we know what kind of selections the copied text
    // was made out of.
    var lastCopied = null;

    // Read input from the textarea, and update the document to match.
    // When something is selected, it is present in the textarea, and
    // selected (unless it is huge, in which case a placeholder is
    // used). When nothing is selected, the cursor sits after previously
    // seen text (can be empty), which is stored in prevInput (we must
    // not reset the textarea when typing, because that breaks IME).
    function readInput(cm) {
        var input = cm.display.input, prevInput = cm.display.prevInput, doc = cm.doc;
        // Since this is called a *lot*, try to bail out as cheaply as
        // possible when it is clear that nothing happened. hasSelection
        // will be the case when there is a lot of text in the textarea,
        // in which case reading its value would be expensive.
        if (!cm.state.focused || (hasSelection(input) && !prevInput) || isReadOnly(cm) || cm.options.disableInput)
            return false;
        // See paste handler for more on the fakedLastChar kludge
        if (cm.state.pasteIncoming && cm.state.fakedLastChar) {
            input.value = input.value.substring(0, input.value.length - 1);
            cm.state.fakedLastChar = false;
        }
        var text = input.value;
        // If nothing changed, bail.
        if (text == prevInput && !cm.somethingSelected()) return false;
        // Work around nonsensical selection resetting in IE9/10, and
        // inexplicable appearance of private area unicode characters on
        // some key combos in Mac (#2689).
        if (ie && ie_version >= 9 && cm.display.inputHasSelection === text ||
            mac && /[\uf700-\uf7ff]/.test(text)) {
            resetInput(cm);
            return false;
        }

        var withOp = !cm.curOp;
        if (withOp) startOperation(cm);
        cm.display.shift = false;

        if (text.charCodeAt(0) == 0x200b && doc.sel == cm.display.selForContextMenu && !prevInput)
            prevInput = "\u200b";
        // Find the part of the input that is actually new
        var same = 0, l = Math.min(prevInput.length, text.length);
        while (same < l && prevInput.charCodeAt(same) == text.charCodeAt(same)) ++same;
        var inserted = text.slice(same), textLines = splitLines(inserted);

        // When pasing N lines into N selections, insert one line per selection
        var multiPaste = null;
        if (cm.state.pasteIncoming && doc.sel.ranges.length > 1) {
            if (lastCopied && lastCopied.join("\n") == inserted)
                multiPaste = doc.sel.ranges.length % lastCopied.length == 0 && map(lastCopied, splitLines);
            else if (textLines.length == doc.sel.ranges.length)
                multiPaste = map(textLines, function (l) {
                    return [l];
                });
        }

        // Normal behavior is to insert the new text into every selection
        for (var i = doc.sel.ranges.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            var range = doc.sel.ranges[i];
            var from = range.from(), to = range.to();
            // Handle deletion
            if (same < prevInput.length)
                from = Pos(from.line, from.ch - (prevInput.length - same));
            // Handle overwrite
            else if (cm.state.overwrite && range.empty() && !cm.state.pasteIncoming)
                to = Pos(to.line, Math.min(getLine(doc, to.line).text.length, to.ch + lst(textLines).length));
            var updateInput = cm.curOp.updateInput;
            var changeEvent = {
                from: from, to: to, text: multiPaste ? multiPaste[i % multiPaste.length] : textLines,
                origin: cm.state.pasteIncoming ? "paste" : cm.state.cutIncoming ? "cut" : "+input"
            };
            makeChange(cm.doc, changeEvent);
            signalLater(cm, "inputRead", cm, changeEvent);
            // When an 'electric' character is inserted, immediately trigger a reindent
            if (inserted && !cm.state.pasteIncoming && cm.options.electricChars &&
                cm.options.smartIndent && range.head.ch < 100 &&
                (!i || doc.sel.ranges[i - 1].head.line != range.head.line)) {
                var mode = cm.getModeAt(range.head);
                var end = changeEnd(changeEvent);
                if (mode.electricChars) {
                    for (var j = 0; j < mode.electricChars.length; j++)
                        if (inserted.indexOf(mode.electricChars.charAt(j)) > -1) {
                            indentLine(cm, end.line, "smart");
                            break;
                        }
                } else if (mode.electricInput) {
                    if (mode.electricInput.test(getLine(doc, end.line).text.slice(0, end.ch)))
                        indentLine(cm, end.line, "smart");
                }
            }
        }
        ensureCursorVisible(cm);
        cm.curOp.updateInput = updateInput;
        cm.curOp.typing = true;

        // Don't leave long text in the textarea, since it makes further polling slow
        if (text.length > 1000 || text.indexOf("\n") > -1) input.value = cm.display.prevInput = "";
        else cm.display.prevInput = text;
        if (withOp) endOperation(cm);
        cm.state.pasteIncoming = cm.state.cutIncoming = false;
        return true;
    }

    // Reset the input to correspond to the selection (or to be empty,
    // when not typing and nothing is selected)
    function resetInput(cm, typing) {
        var minimal, selected, doc = cm.doc;
        if (cm.somethingSelected()) {
            cm.display.prevInput = "";
            var range = doc.sel.primary();
            minimal = hasCopyEvent &&
                (range.to().line - range.from().line > 100 || (selected = cm.getSelection()).length > 1000);
            var content = minimal ? "-" : selected || cm.getSelection();
            cm.display.input.value = content;
            if (cm.state.focused) selectInput(cm.display.input);
            if (ie && ie_version >= 9) cm.display.inputHasSelection = content;
        } else if (!typing) {
            cm.display.prevInput = cm.display.input.value = "";
            if (ie && ie_version >= 9) cm.display.inputHasSelection = null;
        }
        cm.display.inaccurateSelection = minimal;
    }

    function focusInput(cm) {
        if (cm.options.readOnly != "nocursor" && (!mobile || activeElt() != cm.display.input))
            cm.display.input.focus();
    }

    function ensureFocus(cm) {
        if (!cm.state.focused) {
            focusInput(cm);
            onFocus(cm);
        }
    }

    function isReadOnly(cm) {
        return cm.options.readOnly || cm.doc.cantEdit;
    }

    // EVENT HANDLERS

    // Attach the necessary event handlers when initializing the editor
    function registerEventHandlers(cm) {
        var d = cm.display;
        on(d.scroller, "mousedown", operation(cm, onMouseDown));
        // Older IE's will not fire a second mousedown for a double click
        if (ie && ie_version < 11)
            on(d.scroller, "dblclick", operation(cm, function (e) {
                if (signalDOMEvent(cm, e)) return;
                var pos = posFromMouse(cm, e);
                if (!pos || clickInGutter(cm, e) || eventInWidget(cm.display, e)) return;
                e_preventDefault(e);
                var word = cm.findWordAt(pos);
                extendSelection(cm.doc, word.anchor, word.head);
            }));
        else
            on(d.scroller, "dblclick", function (e) {
                signalDOMEvent(cm, e) || e_preventDefault(e);
            });
        // Prevent normal selection in the editor (we handle our own)
        on(d.lineSpace, "selectstart", function (e) {
            if (!eventInWidget(d, e)) e_preventDefault(e);
        });
        // Some browsers fire contextmenu *after* opening the menu, at
        // which point we can't mess with it anymore. Context menu is
        // handled in onMouseDown for these browsers.
        if (!captureRightClick) on(d.scroller, "contextmenu", function (e) {
            onContextMenu(cm, e);
        });

        // Sync scrolling between fake scrollbars and real scrollable
        // area, ensure viewport is updated when scrolling.
        on(d.scroller, "scroll", function () {
            if (d.scroller.clientHeight) {
                setScrollTop(cm, d.scroller.scrollTop);
                setScrollLeft(cm, d.scroller.scrollLeft, true);
                signal(cm, "scroll", cm);
            }
        });
        on(d.scrollbarV, "scroll", function () {
            if (d.scroller.clientHeight) setScrollTop(cm, d.scrollbarV.scrollTop);
        });
        on(d.scrollbarH, "scroll", function () {
            if (d.scroller.clientHeight) setScrollLeft(cm, d.scrollbarH.scrollLeft);
        });

        // Listen to wheel events in order to try and update the viewport on time.
        on(d.scroller, "mousewheel", function (e) {
            onScrollWheel(cm, e);
        });
        on(d.scroller, "DOMMouseScroll", function (e) {
            onScrollWheel(cm, e);
        });

        // Prevent clicks in the scrollbars from killing focus
        function reFocus() {
            if (cm.state.focused) setTimeout(bind(focusInput, cm), 0);
        }

        on(d.scrollbarH, "mousedown", reFocus);
        on(d.scrollbarV, "mousedown", reFocus);
        // Prevent wrapper from ever scrolling
        on(d.wrapper, "scroll", function () {
            d.wrapper.scrollTop = d.wrapper.scrollLeft = 0;
        });

        on(d.input, "keyup", function (e) {
            onKeyUp.call(cm, e);
        });
        on(d.input, "input", function () {
            if (ie && ie_version >= 9 && cm.display.inputHasSelection) cm.display.inputHasSelection = null;
            fastPoll(cm);
        });
        on(d.input, "keydown", operation(cm, onKeyDown));
        on(d.input, "keypress", operation(cm, onKeyPress));
        on(d.input, "focus", bind(onFocus, cm));
        on(d.input, "blur", bind(onBlur, cm));

        function drag_(e) {
            if (!signalDOMEvent(cm, e)) e_stop(e);
        }

        if (cm.options.dragDrop) {
            on(d.scroller, "dragstart", function (e) {
                onDragStart(cm, e);
            });
            on(d.scroller, "dragenter", drag_);
            on(d.scroller, "dragover", drag_);
            on(d.scroller, "drop", operation(cm, onDrop));
        }
        on(d.scroller, "paste", function (e) {
            if (eventInWidget(d, e)) return;
            cm.state.pasteIncoming = true;
            focusInput(cm);
            fastPoll(cm);
        });
        on(d.input, "paste", function () {
            // Workaround for webkit bug https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90206
            // Add a char to the end of textarea before paste occur so that
            // selection doesn't span to the end of textarea.
            if (webkit && !cm.state.fakedLastChar && !(new Date - cm.state.lastMiddleDown < 200)) {
                var start = d.input.selectionStart, end = d.input.selectionEnd;
                d.input.value += "$";
                // The selection end needs to be set before the start, otherwise there
                // can be an intermediate non-empty selection between the two, which
                // can override the middle-click paste buffer on linux and cause the
                // wrong thing to get pasted.
                d.input.selectionEnd = end;
                d.input.selectionStart = start;
                cm.state.fakedLastChar = true;
            }
            cm.state.pasteIncoming = true;
            fastPoll(cm);
        });

        function prepareCopyCut(e) {
            if (cm.somethingSelected()) {
                lastCopied = cm.getSelections();
                if (d.inaccurateSelection) {
                    d.prevInput = "";
                    d.inaccurateSelection = false;
                    d.input.value = lastCopied.join("\n");
                    selectInput(d.input);
                }
            } else {
                var text = [], ranges = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < cm.doc.sel.ranges.length; i++) {
                    var line = cm.doc.sel.ranges[i].head.line;
                    var lineRange = {anchor: Pos(line, 0), head: Pos(line + 1, 0)};
                    ranges.push(lineRange);
                    text.push(cm.getRange(lineRange.anchor, lineRange.head));
                }
                if (e.type == "cut") {
                    cm.setSelections(ranges, null, sel_dontScroll);
                } else {
                    d.prevInput = "";
                    d.input.value = text.join("\n");
                    selectInput(d.input);
                }
                lastCopied = text;
            }
            if (e.type == "cut") cm.state.cutIncoming = true;
        }

        on(d.input, "cut", prepareCopyCut);
        on(d.input, "copy", prepareCopyCut);

        // Needed to handle Tab key in KHTML
        if (khtml) on(d.sizer, "mouseup", function () {
            if (activeElt() == d.input) d.input.blur();
            focusInput(cm);
        });
    }

    // Called when the window resizes
    function onResize(cm) {
        // Might be a text scaling operation, clear size caches.
        var d = cm.display;
        d.cachedCharWidth = d.cachedTextHeight = d.cachedPaddingH = null;
        cm.setSize();
    }

    // MOUSE EVENTS

    // Return true when the given mouse event happened in a widget
    function eventInWidget(display, e) {
        for (var n = e_target(e); n != display.wrapper; n = n.parentNode) {
            if (!n || n.ignoreEvents || n.parentNode == display.sizer && n != display.mover) return true;
        }
    }

    // Given a mouse event, find the corresponding position. If liberal
    // is false, it checks whether a gutter or scrollbar was clicked,
    // and returns null if it was. forRect is used by rectangular
    // selections, and tries to estimate a character position even for
    // coordinates beyond the right of the text.
    function posFromMouse(cm, e, liberal, forRect) {
        var display = cm.display;
        if (!liberal) {
            var target = e_target(e);
            if (target == display.scrollbarH || target == display.scrollbarV ||
                target == display.scrollbarFiller || target == display.gutterFiller) return null;
        }
        var x, y, space = display.lineSpace.getBoundingClientRect();
        // Fails unpredictably on IE[67] when mouse is dragged around quickly.
        try {
            x = e.clientX - space.left;
            y = e.clientY - space.top;
        } catch (e) {
            return null;
        }
        var coords = coordsChar(cm, x, y), line;
        if (forRect && coords.xRel == 1 && (line = getLine(cm.doc, coords.line).text).length == coords.ch) {
            var colDiff = countColumn(line, line.length, cm.options.tabSize) - line.length;
            coords = Pos(coords.line, Math.max(0, Math.round((x - paddingH(cm.display).left) / charWidth(cm.display)) - colDiff));
        }
        return coords;
    }

    // A mouse down can be a single click, double click, triple click,
    // start of selection drag, start of text drag, new cursor
    // (ctrl-click), rectangle drag (alt-drag), or xwin
    // middle-click-paste. Or it might be a click on something we should
    // not interfere with, such as a scrollbar or widget.
    function onMouseDown(e) {
        if (signalDOMEvent(this, e)) return;
        var cm = this, display = cm.display;
        display.shift = e.shiftKey;

        if (eventInWidget(display, e)) {
            if (!webkit) {
                // Briefly turn off draggability, to allow widgets to do
                // normal dragging things.
                display.scroller.draggable = false;
                setTimeout(function () {
                    display.scroller.draggable = true;
                }, 100);
            }
            return;
        }
        if (clickInGutter(cm, e)) return;
        var start = posFromMouse(cm, e);
        window.focus();

        switch (e_button(e)) {
            case 1:
                if (start)
                    leftButtonDown(cm, e, start);
                else if (e_target(e) == display.scroller)
                    e_preventDefault(e);
                break;
            case 2:
                if (webkit) cm.state.lastMiddleDown = +new Date;
                if (start) extendSelection(cm.doc, start);
                setTimeout(bind(focusInput, cm), 20);
                e_preventDefault(e);
                break;
            case 3:
                if (captureRightClick) onContextMenu(cm, e);
                break;
        }
    }

    var lastClick, lastDoubleClick;

    function leftButtonDown(cm, e, start) {
        setTimeout(bind(ensureFocus, cm), 0);

        var now = +new Date, type;
        if (lastDoubleClick && lastDoubleClick.time > now - 400 && cmp(lastDoubleClick.pos, start) == 0) {
            type = "triple";
        } else if (lastClick && lastClick.time > now - 400 && cmp(lastClick.pos, start) == 0) {
            type = "double";
            lastDoubleClick = {time: now, pos: start};
        } else {
            type = "single";
            lastClick = {time: now, pos: start};
        }

        var sel = cm.doc.sel, modifier = mac ? e.metaKey : e.ctrlKey;
        if (cm.options.dragDrop && dragAndDrop && !isReadOnly(cm) &&
            type == "single" && sel.contains(start) > -1 && sel.somethingSelected())
            leftButtonStartDrag(cm, e, start, modifier);
        else
            leftButtonSelect(cm, e, start, type, modifier);
    }

    // Start a text drag. When it ends, see if any dragging actually
    // happen, and treat as a click if it didn't.
    function leftButtonStartDrag(cm, e, start, modifier) {
        var display = cm.display;
        var dragEnd = operation(cm, function (e2) {
            if (webkit) display.scroller.draggable = false;
            cm.state.draggingText = false;
            off(document, "mouseup", dragEnd);
            off(display.scroller, "drop", dragEnd);
            if (Math.abs(e.clientX - e2.clientX) + Math.abs(e.clientY - e2.clientY) < 10) {
                e_preventDefault(e2);
                if (!modifier)
                    extendSelection(cm.doc, start);
                focusInput(cm);
                // Work around unexplainable focus problem in IE9 (#2127)
                if (ie && ie_version == 9)
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        document.body.focus();
                        focusInput(cm);
                    }, 20);
            }
        });
        // Let the drag handler handle this.
        if (webkit) display.scroller.draggable = true;
        cm.state.draggingText = dragEnd;
        // IE's approach to draggable
        if (display.scroller.dragDrop) display.scroller.dragDrop();
        on(document, "mouseup", dragEnd);
        on(display.scroller, "drop", dragEnd);
    }

    // Normal selection, as opposed to text dragging.
    function leftButtonSelect(cm, e, start, type, addNew) {
        var display = cm.display, doc = cm.doc;
        e_preventDefault(e);

        var ourRange, ourIndex, startSel = doc.sel;
        if (addNew && !e.shiftKey) {
            ourIndex = doc.sel.contains(start);
            if (ourIndex > -1)
                ourRange = doc.sel.ranges[ourIndex];
            else
                ourRange = new Range(start, start);
        } else {
            ourRange = doc.sel.primary();
        }

        if (e.altKey) {
            type = "rect";
            if (!addNew) ourRange = new Range(start, start);
            start = posFromMouse(cm, e, true, true);
            ourIndex = -1;
        } else if (type == "double") {
            var word = cm.findWordAt(start);
            if (cm.display.shift || doc.extend)
                ourRange = extendRange(doc, ourRange, word.anchor, word.head);
            else
                ourRange = word;
        } else if (type == "triple") {
            var line = new Range(Pos(start.line, 0), clipPos(doc, Pos(start.line + 1, 0)));
            if (cm.display.shift || doc.extend)
                ourRange = extendRange(doc, ourRange, line.anchor, line.head);
            else
                ourRange = line;
        } else {
            ourRange = extendRange(doc, ourRange, start);
        }

        if (!addNew) {
            ourIndex = 0;
            setSelection(doc, new Selection([ourRange], 0), sel_mouse);
            startSel = doc.sel;
        } else if (ourIndex > -1) {
            replaceOneSelection(doc, ourIndex, ourRange, sel_mouse);
        } else {
            ourIndex = doc.sel.ranges.length;
            setSelection(doc, normalizeSelection(doc.sel.ranges.concat([ourRange]), ourIndex),
                {scroll: false, origin: "*mouse"});
        }

        var lastPos = start;

        function extendTo(pos) {
            if (cmp(lastPos, pos) == 0) return;
            lastPos = pos;

            if (type == "rect") {
                var ranges = [], tabSize = cm.options.tabSize;
                var startCol = countColumn(getLine(doc, start.line).text, start.ch, tabSize);
                var posCol = countColumn(getLine(doc, pos.line).text, pos.ch, tabSize);
                var left = Math.min(startCol, posCol), right = Math.max(startCol, posCol);
                for (var line = Math.min(start.line, pos.line), end = Math.min(cm.lastLine(), Math.max(start.line, pos.line));
                     line <= end; line++) {
                    var text = getLine(doc, line).text, leftPos = findColumn(text, left, tabSize);
                    if (left == right)
                        ranges.push(new Range(Pos(line, leftPos), Pos(line, leftPos)));
                    else if (text.length > leftPos)
                        ranges.push(new Range(Pos(line, leftPos), Pos(line, findColumn(text, right, tabSize))));
                }
                if (!ranges.length) ranges.push(new Range(start, start));
                setSelection(doc, normalizeSelection(startSel.ranges.slice(0, ourIndex).concat(ranges), ourIndex),
                    {origin: "*mouse", scroll: false});
                cm.scrollIntoView(pos);
            } else {
                var oldRange = ourRange;
                var anchor = oldRange.anchor, head = pos;
                if (type != "single") {
                    if (type == "double")
                        var range = cm.findWordAt(pos);
                    else
                        var range = new Range(Pos(pos.line, 0), clipPos(doc, Pos(pos.line + 1, 0)));
                    if (cmp(range.anchor, anchor) > 0) {
                        head = range.head;
                        anchor = minPos(oldRange.from(), range.anchor);
                    } else {
                        head = range.anchor;
                        anchor = maxPos(oldRange.to(), range.head);
                    }
                }
                var ranges = startSel.ranges.slice(0);
                ranges[ourIndex] = new Range(clipPos(doc, anchor), head);
                setSelection(doc, normalizeSelection(ranges, ourIndex), sel_mouse);
            }
        }

        var editorSize = display.wrapper.getBoundingClientRect();
        // Used to ensure timeout re-tries don't fire when another extend
        // happened in the meantime (clearTimeout isn't reliable -- at
        // least on Chrome, the timeouts still happen even when cleared,
        // if the clear happens after their scheduled firing time).
        var counter = 0;

        function extend(e) {
            var curCount = ++counter;
            var cur = posFromMouse(cm, e, true, type == "rect");
            if (!cur) return;
            if (cmp(cur, lastPos) != 0) {
                ensureFocus(cm);
                extendTo(cur);
                var visible = visibleLines(display, doc);
                if (cur.line >= visible.to || cur.line < visible.from)
                    setTimeout(operation(cm, function () {
                        if (counter == curCount) extend(e);
                    }), 150);
            } else {
                var outside = e.clientY < editorSize.top ? -20 : e.clientY > editorSize.bottom ? 20 : 0;
                if (outside) setTimeout(operation(cm, function () {
                    if (counter != curCount) return;
                    display.scroller.scrollTop += outside;
                    extend(e);
                }), 50);
            }
        }

        function done(e) {
            counter = Infinity;
            e_preventDefault(e);
            focusInput(cm);
            off(document, "mousemove", move);
            off(document, "mouseup", up);
            doc.history.lastSelOrigin = null;
        }

        var move = operation(cm, function (e) {
            if (!e_button(e)) done(e);
            else extend(e);
        });
        var up = operation(cm, done);
        on(document, "mousemove", move);
        on(document, "mouseup", up);
    }

    // Determines whether an event happened in the gutter, and fires the
    // handlers for the corresponding event.
    function gutterEvent(cm, e, type, prevent, signalfn) {
        try {
            var mX = e.clientX, mY = e.clientY;
        } catch (e) {
            return false;
        }
        if (mX >= Math.floor(cm.display.gutters.getBoundingClientRect().right)) return false;
        if (prevent) e_preventDefault(e);

        var display = cm.display;
        var lineBox = display.lineDiv.getBoundingClientRect();

        if (mY > lineBox.bottom || !hasHandler(cm, type)) return e_defaultPrevented(e);
        mY -= lineBox.top - display.viewOffset;

        for (var i = 0; i < cm.options.gutters.length; ++i) {
            var g = display.gutters.childNodes[i];
            if (g && g.getBoundingClientRect().right >= mX) {
                var line = lineAtHeight(cm.doc, mY);
                var gutter = cm.options.gutters[i];
                signalfn(cm, type, cm, line, gutter, e);
                return e_defaultPrevented(e);
            }
        }
    }

    function clickInGutter(cm, e) {
        return gutterEvent(cm, e, "gutterClick", true, signalLater);
    }

    // Kludge to work around strange IE behavior where it'll sometimes
    // re-fire a series of drag-related events right after the drop (#1551)
    var lastDrop = 0;

    function onDrop(e) {
        var cm = this;
        if (signalDOMEvent(cm, e) || eventInWidget(cm.display, e))
            return;
        e_preventDefault(e);
        if (ie) lastDrop = +new Date;
        var pos = posFromMouse(cm, e, true), files = e.dataTransfer.files;
        if (!pos || isReadOnly(cm)) return;
        // Might be a file drop, in which case we simply extract the text
        // and insert it.
        if (files && files.length && window.FileReader && window.File) {
            var n = files.length, text = Array(n), read = 0;
            var loadFile = function (file, i) {
                var reader = new FileReader;
                reader.onload = operation(cm, function () {
                    text[i] = reader.result;
                    if (++read == n) {
                        pos = clipPos(cm.doc, pos);
                        var change = {from: pos, to: pos, text: splitLines(text.join("\n")), origin: "paste"};
                        makeChange(cm.doc, change);
                        setSelectionReplaceHistory(cm.doc, simpleSelection(pos, changeEnd(change)));
                    }
                });
                reader.readAsText(file);
            };
            for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) loadFile(files[i], i);
        } else { // Normal drop
            // Don't do a replace if the drop happened inside of the selected text.
            if (cm.state.draggingText && cm.doc.sel.contains(pos) > -1) {
                cm.state.draggingText(e);
                // Ensure the editor is re-focused
                setTimeout(bind(focusInput, cm), 20);
                return;
            }
            try {
                var text = e.dataTransfer.getData("Text");
                if (text) {
                    if (cm.state.draggingText && !(mac ? e.metaKey : e.ctrlKey))
                        var selected = cm.listSelections();
                    setSelectionNoUndo(cm.doc, simpleSelection(pos, pos));
                    if (selected) for (var i = 0; i < selected.length; ++i)
                        replaceRange(cm.doc, "", selected[i].anchor, selected[i].head, "drag");
                    cm.replaceSelection(text, "around", "paste");
                    focusInput(cm);
                }
            } catch (e) {
            }
        }
    }

    function onDragStart(cm, e) {
        if (ie && (!cm.state.draggingText || +new Date - lastDrop < 100)) {
            e_stop(e);
            return;
        }
        if (signalDOMEvent(cm, e) || eventInWidget(cm.display, e)) return;

        e.dataTransfer.setData("Text", cm.getSelection());

        // Use dummy image instead of default browsers image.
        // Recent Safari (~6.0.2) have a tendency to segfault when this happens, so we don't do it there.
        if (e.dataTransfer.setDragImage && !safari) {
            var img = elt("img", null, null, "position: fixed; left: 0; top: 0;");
            img.src = "";
            if (presto) {
                img.width = img.height = 1;
                cm.display.wrapper.appendChild(img);
                // Force a relayout, or Opera won't use our image for some obscure reason
                img._top = img.offsetTop;
            }
            e.dataTransfer.setDragImage(img, 0, 0);
            if (presto) img.parentNode.removeChild(img);
        }
    }

    // SCROLL EVENTS

    // Sync the scrollable area and scrollbars, ensure the viewport
    // covers the visible area.
    function setScrollTop(cm, val) {
        if (Math.abs(cm.doc.scrollTop - val) < 2) return;
        cm.doc.scrollTop = val;
        if (!gecko) updateDisplaySimple(cm, {top: val});
        if (cm.display.scroller.scrollTop != val) cm.display.scroller.scrollTop = val;
        if (cm.display.scrollbarV.scrollTop != val) cm.display.scrollbarV.scrollTop = val;
        if (gecko) updateDisplaySimple(cm);
        startWorker(cm, 100);
    }

    // Sync scroller and scrollbar, ensure the gutter elements are
    // aligned.
    function setScrollLeft(cm, val, isScroller) {
        if (isScroller ? val == cm.doc.scrollLeft : Math.abs(cm.doc.scrollLeft - val) < 2) return;
        val = Math.min(val, cm.display.scroller.scrollWidth - cm.display.scroller.clientWidth);
        cm.doc.scrollLeft = val;
        alignHorizontally(cm);
        if (cm.display.scroller.scrollLeft != val) cm.display.scroller.scrollLeft = val;
        if (cm.display.scrollbarH.scrollLeft != val) cm.display.scrollbarH.scrollLeft = val;
    }

    // Since the delta values reported on mouse wheel events are
    // unstandardized between browsers and even browser versions, and
    // generally horribly unpredictable, this code starts by measuring
    // the scroll effect that the first few mouse wheel events have,
    // and, from that, detects the way it can convert deltas to pixel
    // offsets afterwards.
    //
    // The reason we want to know the amount a wheel event will scroll
    // is that it gives us a chance to update the display before the
    // actual scrolling happens, reducing flickering.

    var wheelSamples = 0, wheelPixelsPerUnit = null;
    // Fill in a browser-detected starting value on browsers where we
    // know one. These don't have to be accurate -- the result of them
    // being wrong would just be a slight flicker on the first wheel
    // scroll (if it is large enough).
    if (ie) wheelPixelsPerUnit = -.53;
    else if (gecko) wheelPixelsPerUnit = 15;
    else if (chrome) wheelPixelsPerUnit = -.7;
    else if (safari) wheelPixelsPerUnit = -1 / 3;

    function onScrollWheel(cm, e) {
        var dx = e.wheelDeltaX, dy = e.wheelDeltaY;
        if (dx == null && e.detail && e.axis == e.HORIZONTAL_AXIS) dx = e.detail;
        if (dy == null && e.detail && e.axis == e.VERTICAL_AXIS) dy = e.detail;
        else if (dy == null) dy = e.wheelDelta;

        var display = cm.display, scroll = display.scroller;
        // Quit if there's nothing to scroll here
        if (!(dx && scroll.scrollWidth > scroll.clientWidth ||
            dy && scroll.scrollHeight > scroll.clientHeight)) return;

        // Webkit browsers on OS X abort momentum scrolls when the target
        // of the scroll event is removed from the scrollable element.
        // This hack (see related code in patchDisplay) makes sure the
        // element is kept around.
        if (dy && mac && webkit) {
            outer: for (var cur = e.target, view = display.view; cur != scroll; cur = cur.parentNode) {
                for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {
                    if (view[i].node == cur) {
                        cm.display.currentWheelTarget = cur;
                        break outer;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // On some browsers, horizontal scrolling will cause redraws to
        // happen before the gutter has been realigned, causing it to
        // wriggle around in a most unseemly way. When we have an
        // estimated pixels/delta value, we just handle horizontal
        // scrolling entirely here. It'll be slightly off from native, but
        // better than glitching out.
        if (dx && !gecko && !presto && wheelPixelsPerUnit != null) {
            if (dy)
                setScrollTop(cm, Math.max(0, Math.min(scroll.scrollTop + dy * wheelPixelsPerUnit, scroll.scrollHeight - scroll.clientHeight)));
            setScrollLeft(cm, Math.max(0, Math.min(scroll.scrollLeft + dx * wheelPixelsPerUnit, scroll.scrollWidth - scroll.clientWidth)));
            e_preventDefault(e);
            display.wheelStartX = null; // Abort measurement, if in progress
            return;
        }

        // 'Project' the visible viewport to cover the area that is being
        // scrolled into view (if we know enough to estimate it).
        if (dy && wheelPixelsPerUnit != null) {
            var pixels = dy * wheelPixelsPerUnit;
            var top = cm.doc.scrollTop, bot = top + display.wrapper.clientHeight;
            if (pixels < 0) top = Math.max(0, top + pixels - 50);
            else bot = Math.min(cm.doc.height, bot + pixels + 50);
            updateDisplaySimple(cm, {top: top, bottom: bot});
        }

        if (wheelSamples < 20) {
            if (display.wheelStartX == null) {
                display.wheelStartX = scroll.scrollLeft;
                display.wheelStartY = scroll.scrollTop;
                display.wheelDX = dx;
                display.wheelDY = dy;
                setTimeout(function () {
                    if (display.wheelStartX == null) return;
                    var movedX = scroll.scrollLeft - display.wheelStartX;
                    var movedY = scroll.scrollTop - display.wheelStartY;
                    var sample = (movedY && display.wheelDY && movedY / display.wheelDY) ||
                        (movedX && display.wheelDX && movedX / display.wheelDX);
                    display.wheelStartX = display.wheelStartY = null;
                    if (!sample) return;
                    wheelPixelsPerUnit = (wheelPixelsPerUnit * wheelSamples + sample) / (wheelSamples + 1);
                    ++wheelSamples;
                }, 200);
            } else {
                display.wheelDX += dx;
                display.wheelDY += dy;
            }
        }
    }

    // KEY EVENTS

    // Run a handler that was bound to a key.
    function doHandleBinding(cm, bound, dropShift) {
        if (typeof bound == "string") {
            bound = commands[bound];
            if (!bound) return false;
        }
        // Ensure previous input has been read, so that the handler sees a
        // consistent view of the document
        if (cm.display.pollingFast && readInput(cm)) cm.display.pollingFast = false;
        var prevShift = cm.display.shift, done = false;
        try {
            if (isReadOnly(cm)) cm.state.suppressEdits = true;
            if (dropShift) cm.display.shift = false;
            done = bound(cm) != Pass;
        } finally {
            cm.display.shift = prevShift;
            cm.state.suppressEdits = false;
        }
        return done;
    }

    // Collect the currently active keymaps.
    function allKeyMaps(cm) {
        var maps = cm.state.keyMaps.slice(0);
        if (cm.options.extraKeys) maps.push(cm.options.extraKeys);
        maps.push(cm.options.keyMap);
        return maps;
    }

    var maybeTransition;

    // Handle a key from the keydown event.
    function handleKeyBinding(cm, e) {
        // Handle automatic keymap transitions
        var startMap = getKeyMap(cm.options.keyMap), next = startMap.auto;
        clearTimeout(maybeTransition);
        if (next && !isModifierKey(e)) maybeTransition = setTimeout(function () {
            if (getKeyMap(cm.options.keyMap) == startMap) {
                cm.options.keyMap = (next.call ? next.call(null, cm) : next);
                keyMapChanged(cm);
            }
        }, 50);

        var name = keyName(e, true), handled = false;
        if (!name) return false;
        var keymaps = allKeyMaps(cm);

        if (e.shiftKey) {
            // First try to resolve full name (including 'Shift-'). Failing
            // that, see if there is a cursor-motion command (starting with
            // 'go') bound to the keyname without 'Shift-'.
            handled = lookupKey("Shift-" + name, keymaps, function (b) {
                    return doHandleBinding(cm, b, true);
                })
                || lookupKey(name, keymaps, function (b) {
                    if (typeof b == "string" ? /^go[A-Z]/.test(b) : b.motion)
                        return doHandleBinding(cm, b);
                });
        } else {
            handled = lookupKey(name, keymaps, function (b) {
                return doHandleBinding(cm, b);
            });
        }

        if (handled) {
            e_preventDefault(e);
            restartBlink(cm);
            signalLater(cm, "keyHandled", cm, name, e);
        }
        return handled;
    }

    // Handle a key from the keypress event
    function handleCharBinding(cm, e, ch) {
        var handled = lookupKey("'" + ch + "'", allKeyMaps(cm),
            function (b) {
                return doHandleBinding(cm, b, true);
            });
        if (handled) {
            e_preventDefault(e);
            restartBlink(cm);
            signalLater(cm, "keyHandled", cm, "'" + ch + "'", e);
        }
        return handled;
    }

    var lastStoppedKey = null;

    function onKeyDown(e) {
        var cm = this;
        ensureFocus(cm);
        if (signalDOMEvent(cm, e)) return;
        // IE does strange things with escape.
        if (ie && ie_version < 11 && e.keyCode == 27) e.returnValue = false;
        var code = e.keyCode;
        cm.display.shift = code == 16 || e.shiftKey;
        var handled = handleKeyBinding(cm, e);
        if (presto) {
            lastStoppedKey = handled ? code : null;
            // Opera has no cut event... we try to at least catch the key combo
            if (!handled && code == 88 && !hasCopyEvent && (mac ? e.metaKey : e.ctrlKey))
                cm.replaceSelection("", null, "cut");
        }

        // Turn mouse into crosshair when Alt is held on Mac.
        if (code == 18 && !/\bCodeMirror-crosshair\b/.test(cm.display.lineDiv.className))
            showCrossHair(cm);
    }

    function showCrossHair(cm) {
        var lineDiv = cm.display.lineDiv;
        addClass(lineDiv, "CodeMirror-crosshair");

        function up(e) {
            if (e.keyCode == 18 || !e.altKey) {
                rmClass(lineDiv, "CodeMirror-crosshair");
                off(document, "keyup", up);
                off(document, "mouseover", up);
            }
        }

        on(document, "keyup", up);
        on(document, "mouseover", up);
    }

    function onKeyUp(e) {
        if (e.keyCode == 16) this.doc.sel.shift = false;
        signalDOMEvent(this, e);
    }

    function onKeyPress(e) {
        var cm = this;
        if (signalDOMEvent(cm, e) || e.ctrlKey && !e.altKey || mac && e.metaKey) return;
        var keyCode = e.keyCode, charCode = e.charCode;
        if (presto && keyCode == lastStoppedKey) {
            lastStoppedKey = null;
            e_preventDefault(e);
            return;
        }
        if (((presto && (!e.which || e.which < 10)) || khtml) && handleKeyBinding(cm, e)) return;
        var ch = String.fromCharCode(charCode == null ? keyCode : charCode);
        if (handleCharBinding(cm, e, ch)) return;
        if (ie && ie_version >= 9) cm.display.inputHasSelection = null;
        fastPoll(cm);
    }

    // FOCUS/BLUR EVENTS

    function onFocus(cm) {
        if (cm.options.readOnly == "nocursor") return;
        if (!cm.state.focused) {
            signal(cm, "focus", cm);
            cm.state.focused = true;
            addClass(cm.display.wrapper, "CodeMirror-focused");
            // The prevInput test prevents this from firing when a context
            // menu is closed (since the resetInput would kill the
            // select-all detection hack)
            if (!cm.curOp && cm.display.selForContextMenu != cm.doc.sel) {
                resetInput(cm);
                if (webkit) setTimeout(bind(resetInput, cm, true), 0); // Issue #1730
            }
        }
        slowPoll(cm);
        restartBlink(cm);
    }

    function onBlur(cm) {
        if (cm.state.focused) {
            signal(cm, "blur", cm);
            cm.state.focused = false;
            rmClass(cm.display.wrapper, "CodeMirror-focused");
        }
        clearInterval(cm.display.blinker);
        setTimeout(function () {
            if (!cm.state.focused) cm.display.shift = false;
        }, 150);
    }

    // CONTEXT MENU HANDLING

    // To make the context menu work, we need to briefly unhide the
    // textarea (making it as unobtrusive as possible) to let the
    // right-click take effect on it.
    function onContextMenu(cm, e) {
        if (signalDOMEvent(cm, e, "contextmenu")) return;
        var display = cm.display;
        if (eventInWidget(display, e) || contextMenuInGutter(cm, e)) return;

        var pos = posFromMouse(cm, e), scrollPos = display.scroller.scrollTop;
        if (!pos || presto) return; // Opera is difficult.

        // Reset the current text selection only if the click is done outside of the selection
        // and 'resetSelectionOnContextMenu' option is true.
        var reset = cm.options.resetSelectionOnContextMenu;
        if (reset && cm.doc.sel.contains(pos) == -1)
            operation(cm, setSelection)(cm.doc, simpleSelection(pos), sel_dontScroll);

        var oldCSS = display.input.style.cssText;
        display.inputDiv.style.position = "absolute";
        display.input.style.cssText = "position: fixed; width: 30px; height: 30px; top: " + (e.clientY - 5) +
            "px; left: " + (e.clientX - 5) + "px; z-index: 1000; background: " +
            (ie ? "rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)" : "transparent") +
            "; outline: none; border-width: 0; outline: none; overflow: hidden; opacity: .05; filter: alpha(opacity=5);";
        if (webkit) var oldScrollY = window.scrollY; // Work around Chrome issue (#2712)
        focusInput(cm);
        if (webkit) window.scrollTo(null, oldScrollY);
        resetInput(cm);
        // Adds "Select all" to context menu in FF
        if (!cm.somethingSelected()) display.input.value = display.prevInput = " ";
        display.selForContextMenu = cm.doc.sel;
        clearTimeout(display.detectingSelectAll);

        // Select-all will be greyed out if there's nothing to select, so
        // this adds a zero-width space so that we can later check whether
        // it got selected.
        function prepareSelectAllHack() {
            if (display.input.selectionStart != null) {
                var selected = cm.somethingSelected();
                var extval = display.input.value = "\u200b" + (selected ? display.input.value : "");
                display.prevInput = selected ? "" : "\u200b";
                display.input.selectionStart = 1;
                display.input.selectionEnd = extval.length;
                // Re-set this, in case some other handler touched the
                // selection in the meantime.
                display.selForContextMenu = cm.doc.sel;
            }
        }

        function rehide() {
            display.inputDiv.style.position = "relative";
            display.input.style.cssText = oldCSS;
            if (ie && ie_version < 9) display.scrollbarV.scrollTop = display.scroller.scrollTop = scrollPos;
            slowPoll(cm);

            // Try to detect the user choosing select-all
            if (display.input.selectionStart != null) {
                if (!ie || (ie && ie_version < 9)) prepareSelectAllHack();
                var i = 0, poll = function () {
                    if (display.selForContextMenu == cm.doc.sel && display.input.selectionStart == 0)
                        operation(cm, commands.selectAll)(cm);
                    else if (i++ < 10) display.detectingSelectAll = setTimeout(poll, 500);
                    else resetInput(cm);
                };
                display.detectingSelectAll = setTimeout(poll, 200);
            }
        }

        if (ie && ie_version >= 9) prepareSelectAllHack();
        if (captureRightClick) {
            e_stop(e);
            var mouseup = function () {
                off(window, "mouseup", mouseup);
                setTimeout(rehide, 20);
            };
            on(window, "mouseup", mouseup);
        } else {
            setTimeout(rehide, 50);
        }
    }

    function contextMenuInGutter(cm, e) {
        if (!hasHandler(cm, "gutterContextMenu")) return false;
        return gutterEvent(cm, e, "gutterContextMenu", false, signal);
    }

    // UPDATING

    // Compute the position of the end of a change (its 'to' property
    // refers to the pre-change end).
    var changeEnd = CodeMirror.changeEnd = function (change) {
        if (!change.text) return change.to;
        return Pos(change.from.line + change.text.length - 1,
            lst(change.text).length + (change.text.length == 1 ? change.from.ch : 0));
    };

    // Adjust a position to refer to the post-change position of the
    // same text, or the end of the change if the change covers it.
    function adjustForChange(pos, change) {
        if (cmp(pos, change.from) < 0) return pos;
        if (cmp(pos, change.to) <= 0) return changeEnd(change);

        var line = pos.line + change.text.length - (change.to.line - change.from.line) - 1, ch = pos.ch;
        if (pos.line == change.to.line) ch += changeEnd(change).ch - change.to.ch;
        return Pos(line, ch);
    }

    function computeSelAfterChange(doc, change) {
        var out = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < doc.sel.ranges.length; i++) {
            var range = doc.sel.ranges[i];
            out.push(new Range(adjustForChange(range.anchor, change),
                adjustForChange(range.head, change)));
        }
        return normalizeSelection(out, doc.sel.primIndex);
    }

    function offsetPos(pos, old, nw) {
        if (pos.line == old.line)
            return Pos(nw.line, pos.ch - old.ch + nw.ch);
        else
            return Pos(nw.line + (pos.line - old.line), pos.ch);
    }

    // Used by replaceSelections to allow moving the selection to the
    // start or around the replaced test. Hint may be "start" or "around".
    function computeReplacedSel(doc, changes, hint) {
        var out = [];
        var oldPrev = Pos(doc.first, 0), newPrev = oldPrev;
        for (var i = 0; i < changes.length; i++) {
            var change = changes[i];
            var from = offsetPos(change.from, oldPrev, newPrev);
            var to = offsetPos(changeEnd(change), oldPrev, newPrev);
            oldPrev = change.to;
            newPrev = to;
            if (hint == "around") {
                var range = doc.sel.ranges[i], inv = cmp(range.head, range.anchor) < 0;
                out[i] = new Range(inv ? to : from, inv ? from : to);
            } else {
                out[i] = new Range(from, from);
            }
        }
        return new Selection(out, doc.sel.primIndex);
    }

    // Allow "beforeChange" event handlers to influence a change
    function filterChange(doc, change, update) {
        var obj = {
            canceled: false,
            from: change.from,
            to: change.to,
            text: change.text,
            origin: change.origin,
            cancel: function () {
                this.canceled = true;
            }
        };
        if (update) obj.update = function (from, to, text, origin) {
            if (from) this.from = clipPos(doc, from);
            if (to) this.to = clipPos(doc, to);
            if (text) this.text = text;
            if (origin !== undefined) this.origin = origin;
        };
        signal(doc, "beforeChange", doc, obj);
        if (doc.cm) signal(doc.cm, "beforeChange", doc.cm, obj);

        if (obj.canceled) return null;
        return {from: obj.from, to: obj.to, text: obj.text, origin: obj.origin};
    }

    // Apply a change to a document, and add it to the document's
    // history, and propagating it to all linked documents.
    function makeChange(doc, change, ignoreReadOnly) {
        if (doc.cm) {
            if (!doc.cm.curOp) return operation(doc.cm, makeChange)(doc, change, ignoreReadOnly);
            if (doc.cm.state.suppressEdits) return;
        }

        if (hasHandler(doc, "beforeChange") || doc.cm && hasHandler(doc.cm, "beforeChange")) {
            change = filterChange(doc, change, true);
            if (!change) return;
        }

        // Possibly split or suppress the update based on the presence
        // of read-only spans in its range.
        var split = sawReadOnlySpans && !ignoreReadOnly && removeReadOnlyRanges(doc, change.from, change.to);
        if (split) {
            for (var i = split.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
                makeChangeInner(doc, {from: split[i].from, to: split[i].to, text: i ? [""] : change.text});
        } else {
            makeChangeInner(doc, change);
        }
    }

    function makeChangeInner(doc, change) {
        if (change.text.length == 1 && change.text[0] == "" && cmp(change.from, change.to) == 0) return;
        var selAfter = computeSelAfterChange(doc, change);
        addChangeToHistory(doc, change, selAfter, doc.cm ? doc.cm.curOp.id : NaN);

        makeChangeSingleDoc(doc, change, selAfter, stretchSpansOverChange(doc, change));
        var rebased = [];

        linkedDocs(doc, function (doc, sharedHist) {
            if (!sharedHist && indexOf(rebased, doc.history) == -1) {
                rebaseHist(doc.history, change);
                rebased.push(doc.history);
            }
            makeChangeSingleDoc(doc, change, null, stretchSpansOverChange(doc, change));
        });
    }

    // Revert a change stored in a document's history.
    function makeChangeFromHistory(doc, type, allowSelectionOnly) {
        if (doc.cm && doc.cm.state.suppressEdits) return;

        var hist = doc.history, event, selAfter = doc.sel;
        var source = type == "undo" ? hist.done : hist.undone, dest = type == "undo" ? hist.undone : hist.done;

        // Verify that there is a useable event (so that ctrl-z won't
        // needlessly clear selection events)
        for (var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
            event = source[i];
            if (allowSelectionOnly ? event.ranges && !event.equals(doc.sel) : !event.ranges)
                break;
        }
        if (i == source.length) return;
        hist.lastOrigin = hist.lastSelOrigin = null;

        for (; ;) {
            event = source.pop();
            if (event.ranges) {
                pushSelectionToHistory(event, dest);
                if (allowSelectionOnly && !event.equals(doc.sel)) {
                    setSelection(doc, event, {clearRedo: false});
                    return;
                }
                selAfter = event;
            } else break;
        }

        // Build up a reverse change object to add to the opposite history
        // stack (redo when undoing, and vice versa).
        var antiChanges = [];
        pushSelectionToHistory(selAfter, dest);
        dest.push({changes: antiChanges, generation: hist.generation});
        hist.generation = event.generation || ++hist.maxGeneration;

        var filter = hasHandler(doc, "beforeChange") || doc.cm && hasHandler(doc.cm, "beforeChange");

        for (var i = event.changes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            var change = event.changes[i];
            change.origin = type;
            if (filter && !filterChange(doc, change, false)) {
                source.length = 0;
                return;
            }

            antiChanges.push(historyChangeFromChange(doc, change));

            var after = i ? computeSelAfterChange(doc, change) : lst(source);
            makeChangeSingleDoc(doc, change, after, mergeOldSpans(doc, change));
            if (!i && doc.cm) doc.cm.scrollIntoView({from: change.from, to: changeEnd(change)});
            var rebased = [];

            // Propagate to the linked documents
            linkedDocs(doc, function (doc, sharedHist) {
                if (!sharedHist && indexOf(rebased, doc.history) == -1) {
                    rebaseHist(doc.history, change);
                    rebased.push(doc.history);
                }
                makeChangeSingleDoc(doc, change, null, mergeOldSpans(doc, change));
            });
        }
    }

    // Sub-views need their line numbers shifted when text is added
    // above or below them in the parent document.
    function shiftDoc(doc, distance) {
        if (distance == 0) return;
        doc.first += distance;
        doc.sel = new Selection(map(doc.sel.ranges, function (range) {
            return new Range(Pos(range.anchor.line + distance, range.anchor.ch),
                Pos(range.head.line + distance, range.head.ch));
        }), doc.sel.primIndex);
        if (doc.cm) {
            regChange(doc.cm, doc.first, doc.first - distance, distance);
            for (var d = doc.cm.display, l = d.viewFrom; l < d.viewTo; l++)
                regLineChange(doc.cm, l, "gutter");
        }
    }

    // More lower-level change function, handling only a single document
    // (not linked ones).
    function makeChangeSingleDoc(doc, change, selAfter, spans) {
        if (doc.cm && !doc.cm.curOp)
            return operation(doc.cm, makeChangeSingleDoc)(doc, change, selAfter, spans);

        if (change.to.line < doc.first) {
            shiftDoc(doc, change.text.length - 1 - (change.to.line - change.from.line));
            return;
        }
        if (change.from.line > doc.lastLine()) return;

        // Clip the change to the size of this doc
        if (change.from.line < doc.first) {
            var shift = change.text.length - 1 - (doc.first - change.from.line);
            shiftDoc(doc, shift);
            change = {
                from: Pos(doc.first, 0), to: Pos(change.to.line + shift, change.to.ch),
                text: [lst(change.text)], origin: change.origin
            };
        }
        var last = doc.lastLine();
        if (change.to.line > last) {
            change = {
                from: change.from, to: Pos(last, getLine(doc, last).text.length),
                text: [change.text[0]], origin: change.origin
            };
        }

        change.removed = getBetween(doc, change.from, change.to);

        if (!selAfter) selAfter = computeSelAfterChange(doc, change);
        if (doc.cm) makeChangeSingleDocInEditor(doc.cm, change, spans);
        else updateDoc(doc, change, spans);
        setSelectionNoUndo(doc, selAfter, sel_dontScroll);
    }

    // Handle the interaction of a change to a document with the editor
    // that this document is part of.
    function makeChangeSingleDocInEditor(cm, change, spans) {
        var doc = cm.doc, display = cm.display, from = change.from, to = change.to;

        var recomputeMaxLength = false, checkWidthStart = from.line;
        if (!cm.options.lineWrapping) {
            checkWidthStart = lineNo(visualLine(getLine(doc, from.line)));
            doc.iter(checkWidthStart, to.line + 1, function (line) {
                if (line == display.maxLine) {
                    recomputeMaxLength = true;
                    return true;
                }
            });
        }

        if (doc.sel.contains(change.from, change.to) > -1)
            signalCursorActivity(cm);

        updateDoc(doc, change, spans, estimateHeight(cm));

        if (!cm.options.lineWrapping) {
            doc.iter(checkWidthStart, from.line + change.text.length, function (line) {
                var len = lineLength(line);
                if (len > display.maxLineLength) {
                    display.maxLine = line;
                    display.maxLineLength = len;
                    display.maxLineChanged = true;
                    recomputeMaxLength = false;
                }
            });
            if (recomputeMaxLength) cm.curOp.updateMaxLine = true;
        }

        // Adjust frontier, schedule worker
        doc.frontier = Math.min(doc.frontier, from.line);
        startWorker(cm, 400);

        var lendiff = change.text.length - (to.line - from.line) - 1;
        // Remember that these lines changed, for updating the display
        if (from.line == to.line && change.text.length == 1 && !isWholeLineUpdate(cm.doc, change))
            regLineChange(cm, from.line, "text");
        else
            regChange(cm, from.line, to.line + 1, lendiff);

        var changesHandler = hasHandler(cm, "changes"), changeHandler = hasHandler(cm, "change");
        if (changeHandler || changesHandler) {
            var obj = {
                from: from, to: to,
                text: change.text,
                removed: change.removed,
                origin: change.origin
            };
            if (changeHandler) signalLater(cm, "change", cm, obj);
            if (changesHandler) (cm.curOp.changeObjs || (cm.curOp.changeObjs = [])).push(obj);
        }
        cm.display.selForContextMenu = null;
    }

    function replaceRange(doc, code, from, to, origin) {
        if (!to) to = from;
        if (cmp(to, from) < 0) {
            var tmp = to;
            to = from;
            from = tmp;
        }
        if (typeof code == "string") code = splitLines(code);
        makeChange(doc, {from: from, to: to, text: code, origin: origin});
    }

    // SCROLLING THINGS INTO VIEW

    // If an editor sits on the top or bottom of the window, partially
    // scrolled out of view, this ensures that the cursor is visible.
    function maybeScrollWindow(cm, coords) {
        var display = cm.display, box = display.sizer.getBoundingClientRect(), doScroll = null;
        if (coords.top + box.top < 0) doScroll = true;
        else if (coords.bottom + box.top > (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight)) doScroll = false;
        if (doScroll != null && !phantom) {
            var scrollNode = elt("div", "\u200b", null, "position: absolute; top: " +
                (coords.top - display.viewOffset - paddingTop(cm.display)) + "px; height: " +
                (coords.bottom - coords.top + scrollerCutOff) + "px; left: " +
                coords.left + "px; width: 2px;");
            cm.display.lineSpace.appendChild(scrollNode);
            scrollNode.scrollIntoView(doScroll);
            cm.display.lineSpace.removeChild(scrollNode);
        }
    }

    // Scroll a given position into view (immediately), verifying that
    // it actually became visible (as line heights are accurately
    // measured, the position of something may 'drift' during drawing).
    function scrollPosIntoView(cm, pos, end, margin) {
        if (margin == null) margin = 0;
        for (var limit = 0; limit < 5; limit++) {
            var changed = false, coords = cursorCoords(cm, pos);
            var endCoords = !end || end == pos ? coords : cursorCoords(cm, end);
            var scrollPos = calculateScrollPos(cm, Math.min(coords.left, endCoords.left),
                Math.min(coords.top, endCoords.top) - margin,
                Math.max(coords.left, endCoords.left),
                Math.max(coords.bottom, endCoords.bottom) + margin);
            var startTop = cm.doc.scrollTop, startLeft = cm.doc.scrollLeft;
            if (scrollPos.scrollTop != null) {
                setScrollTop(cm, scrollPos.scrollTop);
                if (Math.abs(cm.doc.scrollTop - startTop) > 1) changed = true;
            }
            if (scrollPos.scrollLeft != null) {
                setScrollLeft(cm, scrollPos.scrollLeft);
                if (Math.abs(cm.doc.scrollLeft - startLeft) > 1) changed = true;
            }
            if (!changed) return coords;
        }
    }

    // Scroll a given set of coordinates into view (immediately).
    function scrollIntoView(cm, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
        var scrollPos = calculateScrollPos(cm, x1, y1, x2, y2);
        if (scrollPos.scrollTop != null) setScrollTop(cm, scrollPos.scrollTop);
        if (scrollPos.scrollLeft != null) setScrollLeft(cm, scrollPos.scrollLeft);
    }

    // Calculate a new scroll position needed to scroll the given
    // rectangle into view. Returns an object with scrollTop and
    // scrollLeft properties. When these are undefined, the
    // vertical/horizontal position does not need to be adjusted.
    function calculateScrollPos(cm, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
        var display = cm.display, snapMargin = textHeight(cm.display);
        if (y1 < 0) y1 = 0;
        var screentop = cm.curOp && cm.curOp.scrollTop != null ? cm.curOp.scrollTop : display.scroller.scrollTop;
        var screen = display.scroller.clientHeight - scrollerCutOff, result = {};
        if (y2 - y1 > screen) y2 = y1 + screen;
        var docBottom = cm.doc.height + paddingVert(display);
        var atTop = y1 < snapMargin, atBottom = y2 > docBottom - snapMargin;
        if (y1 < screentop) {
            result.scrollTop = atTop ? 0 : y1;
        } else if (y2 > screentop + screen) {
            var newTop = Math.min(y1, (atBottom ? docBottom : y2) - screen);
            if (newTop != screentop) result.scrollTop = newTop;
        }

        var screenleft = cm.curOp && cm.curOp.scrollLeft != null ? cm.curOp.scrollLeft : display.scroller.scrollLeft;
        var screenw = display.scroller.clientWidth - scrollerCutOff - display.gutters.offsetWidth;
        var tooWide = x2 - x1 > screenw;
        if (tooWide) x2 = x1 + screenw;
        if (x1 < 10)
            result.scrollLeft = 0;
        else if (x1 < screenleft)
            result.scrollLeft = Math.max(0, x1 - (tooWide ? 0 : 10));
        else if (x2 > screenw + screenleft - 3)
            result.scrollLeft = x2 + (tooWide ? 0 : 10) - screenw;

        return result;
    }

    // Store a relative adjustment to the scroll position in the current
    // operation (to be applied when the operation finishes).
    function addToScrollPos(cm, left, top) {
        if (left != null || top != null) resolveScrollToPos(cm);
        if (left != null)
            cm.curOp.scrollLeft = (cm.curOp.scrollLeft == null ? cm.doc.scrollLeft : cm.curOp.scrollLeft) + left;
        if (top != null)
            cm.curOp.scrollTop = (cm.curOp.scrollTop == null ? cm.doc.scrollTop : cm.curOp.scrollTop) + top;
    }

    // Make sure that at the end of the operation the current cursor is
    // shown.
    function ensureCursorVisible(cm) {
        resolveScrollToPos(cm);
        var cur = cm.getCursor(), from = cur, to = cur;
        if (!cm.options.lineWrapping) {
            from = cur.ch ? Pos(cur.line, cur.ch - 1) : cur;
            to = Pos(cur.line, cur.ch + 1);
        }
        cm.curOp.scrollToPos = {from: from, to: to, margin: cm.options.cursorScrollMargin, isCursor: true};
    }

    // When an operation has its scrollToPos property set, and another
    // scroll action is applied before the end of the operation, this
    // 'simulates' scrolling that position into view in a cheap way, so
    // that the effect of intermediate scroll commands is not ignored.
    function resolveScrollToPos(cm) {
        var range = cm.curOp.scrollToPos;
        if (range) {
            cm.curOp.scrollToPos = null;
            var from = estimateCoords(cm, range.from), to = estimateCoords(cm, range.to);
            var sPos = calculateScrollPos(cm, Math.min(from.left, to.left),
                Math.min(from.top, to.top) - range.margin,
                Math.max(from.right, to.right),
                Math.max(from.bottom, to.bottom) + range.margin);
            cm.scrollTo(sPos.scrollLeft, sPos.scrollTop);
        }
    }

    // API UTILITIES

    // Indent the given line. The how parameter can be "smart",
    // "add"/null, "subtract", or "prev". When aggressive is false
    // (typically set to true for forced single-line indents), empty
    // lines are not indented, and places where the mode returns Pass
    // are left alone.
    function indentLine(cm, n, how, aggressive) {
        var doc = cm.doc, state;
        if (how == null) how = "add";
        if (how == "smart") {
            // Fall back to "prev" when the mode doesn't have an indentation
            // method.
            if (!doc.mode.indent) how = "prev";
            else state = getStateBefore(cm, n);
        }

        var tabSize = cm.options.tabSize;
        var line = getLine(doc, n), curSpace = countColumn(line.text, null, tabSize);
        if (line.stateAfter) line.stateAfter = null;
        var curSpaceString = line.text.match(/^\s*/)[0], indentation;
        if (!aggressive && !/\S/.test(line.text)) {
            indentation = 0;
            how = "not";
        } else if (how == "smart") {
            indentation = doc.mode.indent(state, line.text.slice(curSpaceString.length), line.text);
            if (indentation == Pass || indentation > 150) {
                if (!aggressive) return;
                how = "prev";
            }
        }
        if (how == "prev") {
            if (n > doc.first) indentation = countColumn(getLine(doc, n - 1).text, null, tabSize);
            else indentation = 0;
        } else if (how == "add") {
            indentation = curSpace + cm.options.indentUnit;
        } else if (how == "subtract") {
            indentation = curSpace - cm.options.indentUnit;
        } else if (typeof how == "number") {
            indentation = curSpace + how;
        }
        indentation = Math.max(0, indentation);

        var indentString = "", pos = 0;
        if (cm.options.indentWithTabs)
            for (var i = Math.floor(indentation / tabSize); i; --i) {
                pos += tabSize;
                indentString += "\t";
            }
        if (pos < indentation) indentString += spaceStr(indentation - pos);

        if (indentString != curSpaceString) {
            replaceRange(doc, indentString, Pos(n, 0), Pos(n, curSpaceString.length), "+input");
        } else {
            // Ensure that, if the cursor was in the whitespace at the start
            // of the line, it is moved to the end of that space.
            for (var i = 0; i < doc.sel.ranges.length; i++) {
                var range = doc.sel.ranges[i];
                if (range.head.line == n && range.head.ch < curSpaceString.length) {
                    var pos = Pos(n, curSpaceString.length);
                    replaceOneSelection(doc, i, new Range(pos, pos));
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        line.stateAfter = null;
    }

    // Utility for applying a change to a line by handle or number,
    // returning the number and optionally registering the line as
    // changed.
    function changeLine(doc, handle, changeType, op) {
        var no = handle, line = handle;
        if (typeof handle == "number") line = getLine(doc, clipLine(doc, handle));
        else no = lineNo(handle);
        if (no == null) return null;
        if (op(line, no) && doc.cm) regLineChange(doc.cm, no, changeType);
        return line;
    }

    // Helper for deleting text near the selection(s), used to implement
    // backspace, delete, and similar functionality.
    function deleteNearSelection(cm, compute) {
        var ranges = cm.doc.sel.ranges, kill = [];
        // Build up a set of ranges to kill first, merging overlapping
        // ranges.
        for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
            var toKill = compute(ranges[i]);
            while (kill.length && cmp(toKill.from, lst(kill).to) <= 0) {
                var replaced = kill.pop();
                if (cmp(replaced.from, toKill.from) < 0) {
                    toKill.from = replaced.from;
                    break;
                }
            }
            kill.push(toKill);
        }
        // Next, remove those actual ranges.
        runInOp(cm, function () {
            for (var i = kill.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                replaceRange(cm.doc, "", kill[i].from, kill[i].to, "+delete");
            ensureCursorVisible(cm);
        });
    }

    // Used for horizontal relative motion. Dir is -1 or 1 (left or
    // right), unit can be "char", "column" (like char, but doesn't
    // cross line boundaries), "word" (across next word), or "group" (to
    // the start of next group of word or non-word-non-whitespace
    // chars). The visually param controls whether, in right-to-left
    // text, direction 1 means to move towards the next index in the
    // string, or towards the character to the right of the current
    // position. The resulting position will have a hitSide=true
    // property if it reached the end of the document.
    function findPosH(doc, pos, dir, unit, visually) {
        var line = pos.line, ch = pos.ch, origDir = dir;
        var lineObj = getLine(doc, line);
        var possible = true;

        function findNextLine() {
            var l = line + dir;
            if (l < doc.first || l >= doc.first + doc.size) return (possible = false);
            line = l;
            return lineObj = getLine(doc, l);
        }

        function moveOnce(boundToLine) {
            var next = (visually ? moveVisually : moveLogically)(lineObj, ch, dir, true);
            if (next == null) {
                if (!boundToLine && findNextLine()) {
                    if (visually) ch = (dir < 0 ? lineRight : lineLeft)(lineObj);
                    else ch = dir < 0 ? lineObj.text.length : 0;
                } else return (possible = false);
            } else ch = next;
            return true;
        }

        if (unit == "char") moveOnce();
        else if (unit == "column") moveOnce(true);
        else if (unit == "word" || unit == "group") {
            var sawType = null, group = unit == "group";
            var helper = doc.cm && doc.cm.getHelper(pos, "wordChars");
            for (var first = true; ; first = false) {
                if (dir < 0 && !moveOnce(!first)) break;
                var cur = lineObj.text.charAt(ch) || "\n";
                var type = isWordChar(cur, helper) ? "w"
                    : group && cur == "\n" ? "n"
                        : !group || /\s/.test(cur) ? null
                            : "p";
                if (group && !first && !type) type = "s";
                if (sawType && sawType != type) {
                    if (dir < 0) {
                        dir = 1;
                        moveOnce();
                    }
                    break;
                }

                if (type) sawType = type;
                if (dir > 0 && !moveOnce(!first)) break;
            }
        }
        var result = skipAtomic(doc, Pos(line, ch), origDir, true);
        if (!possible) result.hitSide = true;
        return result;
    }

    // For relative vertical movement. Dir may be -1 or 1. Unit can be
    // "page" or "line". The resulting position will have a hitSide=true
    // property if it reached the end of the document.
    function findPosV(cm, pos, dir, unit) {
        var doc = cm.doc, x = pos.left, y;
        if (unit == "page") {
            var pageSize = Math.min(cm.display.wrapper.clientHeight, window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight);
            y = pos.top + dir * (pageSize - (dir < 0 ? 1.5 : .5) * textHeight(cm.display));
        } else if (unit == "line") {
            y = dir > 0 ? pos.bottom + 3 : pos.top - 3;
        }
        for (; ;) {
            var target = coordsChar(cm, x, y);
            if (!target.outside) break;
            if (dir < 0 ? y <= 0 : y >= doc.height) {
                target.hitSide = true;
                break;
            }
            y += dir * 5;
        }
        return target;
    }

    // EDITOR METHODS

    // The publicly visible API. Note that methodOp(f) means
    // 'wrap f in an operation, performed on its `this` parameter'.

    // This is not the complete set of editor methods. Most of the
    // methods defined on the Doc type are also injected into
    // CodeMirror.prototype, for backwards compatibility and
    // convenience.

    CodeMirror.prototype = {
        constructor: CodeMirror,
        focus: function () {
            window.focus();
            focusInput(this);
            fastPoll(this);
        },

        setOption: function (option, value) {
            var options = this.options, old = options[option];
            if (options[option] == value && option != "mode") return;
            options[option] = value;
            if (optionHandlers.hasOwnProperty(option))
                operation(this, optionHandlers[option])(this, value, old);
        },

        getOption: function (option) {
            return this.options[option];
        },
        getDoc: function () {
            return this.doc;
        },

        addKeyMap: function (map, bottom) {
            this.state.keyMaps[bottom ? "push" : "unshift"](map);
        },
        removeKeyMap: function (map) {
            var maps = this.state.keyMaps;
            for (var i = 0; i < maps.length; ++i)
                if (maps[i] == map || (typeof maps[i] != "string" && maps[i].name == map)) {
                    maps.splice(i, 1);
                    return true;
                }
        },

        addOverlay: methodOp(function (spec, options) {
            var mode = spec.token ? spec : CodeMirror.getMode(this.options, spec);
            if (mode.startState) throw new Error("Overlays may not be stateful.");
            this.state.overlays.push({mode: mode, modeSpec: spec, opaque: options && options.opaque});
            this.state.modeGen++;
            regChange(this);
        }),
        removeOverlay: methodOp(function (spec) {
            var overlays = this.state.overlays;
            for (var i = 0; i < overlays.length; ++i) {
                var cur = overlays[i].modeSpec;
                if (cur == spec || typeof spec == "string" && cur.name == spec) {
                    overlays.splice(i, 1);
                    this.state.modeGen++;
                    regChange(this);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }),

        indentLine: methodOp(function (n, dir, aggressive) {
            if (typeof dir != "string" && typeof dir != "number") {
                if (dir == null) dir = this.options.smartIndent ? "smart" : "prev";
                else dir = dir ? "add" : "subtract";
            }
            if (isLine(this.doc, n)) indentLine(this, n, dir, aggressive);
        }),
        indentSelection: methodOp(function (how) {
            var ranges = this.doc.sel.ranges, end = -1;
            for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
                var range = ranges[i];
                if (!range.empty()) {
                    var from = range.from(), to = range.to();
                    var start = Math.max(end, from.line);
                    end = Math.min(this.lastLine(), to.line - (to.ch ? 0 : 1)) + 1;
                    for (var j = start; j < end; ++j)
                        indentLine(this, j, how);
                    var newRanges = this.doc.sel.ranges;
                    if (from.ch == 0 && ranges.length == newRanges.length && newRanges[i].from().ch > 0)
                        replaceOneSelection(this.doc, i, new Range(from, newRanges[i].to()), sel_dontScroll);
                } else if (range.head.line > end) {
                    indentLine(this, range.head.line, how, true);
                    end = range.head.line;
                    if (i == this.doc.sel.primIndex) ensureCursorVisible(this);
                }
            }
        }),

        // Fetch the parser token for a given character. Useful for hacks
        // that want to inspect the mode state (say, for completion).
        getTokenAt: function (pos, precise) {
            var doc = this.doc;
            pos = clipPos(doc, pos);
            var state = getStateBefore(this, pos.line, precise), mode = this.doc.mode;
            var line = getLine(doc, pos.line);
            var stream = new StringStream(line.text, this.options.tabSize);
            while (stream.pos < pos.ch && !stream.eol()) {
                stream.start = stream.pos;
                var style = readToken(mode, stream, state);
            }
            return {
                start: stream.start,
                end: stream.pos,
                string: stream.current(),
                type: style || null,
                state: state
            };
        },

        getTokenTypeAt: function (pos) {
            pos = clipPos(this.doc, pos);
            var styles = getLineStyles(this, getLine(this.doc, pos.line));
            var before = 0, after = (styles.length - 1) / 2, ch = pos.ch;
            var type;
            if (ch == 0) type = styles[2];
            else for (; ;) {
                var mid = (before + after) >> 1;
                if ((mid ? styles[mid * 2 - 1] : 0) >= ch) after = mid;
                else if (styles[mid * 2 + 1] < ch) before = mid + 1;
                else {
                    type = styles[mid * 2 + 2];
                    break;
                }
            }
            var cut = type ? type.indexOf("cm-overlay ") : -1;
            return cut < 0 ? type : cut == 0 ? null : type.slice(0, cut - 1);
        },

        getModeAt: function (pos) {
            var mode = this.doc.mode;
            if (!mode.innerMode) return mode;
            return CodeMirror.innerMode(mode, this.getTokenAt(pos).state).mode;
        },

        getHelper: function (pos, type) {
            return this.getHelpers(pos, type)[0];
        },

        getHelpers: function (pos, type) {
            var found = [];
            if (!helpers.hasOwnProperty(type)) return helpers;
            var help = helpers[type], mode = this.getModeAt(pos);
            if (typeof mode[type] == "string") {
                if (help[mode[type]]) found.push(help[mode[type]]);
            } else if (mode[type]) {
                for (var i = 0; i < mode[type].length; i++) {
                    var val = help[mode[type][i]];
                    if (val) found.push(val);
                }
            } else if (mode.helperType && help[mode.helperType]) {
                found.push(help[mode.helperType]);
            } else if (help[mode.name]) {
                found.push(help[mode.name]);
            }
            for (var i = 0; i < help._global.length; i++) {
                var cur = help._global[i];
                if (cur.pred(mode, this) && indexOf(found, cur.val) == -1)
                    found.push(cur.val);
            }
            return found;
        },

        getStateAfter: function (line, precise) {
            var doc = this.doc;
            line = clipLine(doc, line == null ? doc.first + doc.size - 1 : line);
            return getStateBefore(this, line + 1, precise);
        },

        cursorCoords: function (start, mode) {
            var pos, range = this.doc.sel.primary();
            if (start == null) pos = range.head;
            else if (typeof start == "object") pos = clipPos(this.doc, start);
            else pos = start ? range.from() : range.to();
            return cursorCoords(this, pos, mode || "page");
        },

        charCoords: function (pos, mode) {
            return charCoords(this, clipPos(this.doc, pos), mode || "page");
        },

        coordsChar: function (coords, mode) {
            coords = fromCoordSystem(this, coords, mode || "page");
            return coordsChar(this, coords.left, coords.top);
        },

        lineAtHeight: function (height, mode) {
            height = fromCoordSystem(this, {top: height, left: 0}, mode || "page").top;
            return lineAtHeight(this.doc, height + this.display.viewOffset);
        },
        heightAtLine: function (line, mode) {
            var end = false, last = this.doc.first + this.doc.size - 1;
            if (line < this.doc.first) line = this.doc.first;
            else if (line > last) {
                line = last;
                end = true;
            }
            var lineObj = getLine(this.doc, line);
            return intoCoordSystem(this, lineObj, {top: 0, left: 0}, mode || "page").top +
                (end ? this.doc.height - heightAtLine(lineObj) : 0);
        },

        defaultTextHeight: function () {
            return textHeight(this.display);
        },
        defaultCharWidth: function () {
            return charWidth(this.display);
        },

        setGutterMarker: methodOp(function (line, gutterID, value) {
            return changeLine(this.doc, line, "gutter", function (line) {
                var markers = line.gutterMarkers || (line.gutterMarkers = {});
                markers[gutterID] = value;
                if (!value && isEmpty(markers)) line.gutterMarkers = null;
                return true;
            });
        }),

        clearGutter: methodOp(function (gutterID) {
            var cm = this, doc = cm.doc, i = doc.first;
            doc.iter(function (line) {
                if (line.gutterMarkers && line.gutterMarkers[gutterID]) {
                    line.gutterMarkers[gutterID] = null;
                    regLineChange(cm, i, "gutter");
                    if (isEmpty(line.gutterMarkers)) line.gutterMarkers = null;
                }
                ++i;
            });
        }),

        addLineWidget: methodOp(function (handle, node, options) {
            return addLineWidget(this, handle, node, options);
        }),

        removeLineWidget: function (widget) {
            widget.clear();
        },

        lineInfo: function (line) {
            if (typeof line == "number") {
                if (!isLine(this.doc, line)) return null;
                var n = line;
                line = getLine(this.doc, line);
                if (!line) return null;
            } else {
                var n = lineNo(line);
                if (n == null) return null;
            }
            return {
                line: n, handle: line, text: line.text, gutterMarkers: line.gutterMarkers,
                textClass: line.textClass, bgClass: line.bgClass, wrapClass: line.wrapClass,
                widgets: line.widgets
            };
        },

        getViewport: function () {
            return {from: this.display.viewFrom, to: this.display.viewTo};
        },

        addWidget: function (pos, node, scroll, vert, horiz) {
            var display = this.display;
            pos = cursorCoords(this, clipPos(this.doc, pos));
            var top = pos.bottom, left = pos.left;
            node.style.position = "absolute";
            display.sizer.appendChild(node);
            if (vert == "over") {
                top = pos.top;
            } else if (vert == "above" || vert == "near") {
                var vspace = Math.max(display.wrapper.clientHeight, this.doc.height),
                    hspace = Math.max(display.sizer.clientWidth, display.lineSpace.clientWidth);
                // Default to positioning above (if specified and possible); otherwise default to positioning below
                if ((vert == 'above' || pos.bottom + node.offsetHeight > vspace) && pos.top > node.offsetHeight)
                    top = pos.top - node.offsetHeight;
                else if (pos.bottom + node.offsetHeight <= vspace)
                    top = pos.bottom;
                if (left + node.offsetWidth > hspace)
                    left = hspace - node.offsetWidth;
            }
            node.style.top = top + "px";
            node.style.left = node.style.right = "";
            if (horiz == "right") {
                left = display.sizer.clientWidth - node.offsetWidth;
                node.style.right = "0px";
            } else {
                if (horiz == "left") left = 0;
                else if (horiz == "middle") left = (display.sizer.clientWidth - node.offsetWidth) / 2;
                node.style.left = left + "px";
            }
            if (scroll)
                scrollIntoView(this, left, top, left + node.offsetWidth, top + node.offsetHeight);
        },

        triggerOnKeyDown: methodOp(onKeyDown),
        triggerOnKeyPress: methodOp(onKeyPress),
        triggerOnKeyUp: onKeyUp,

        execCommand: function (cmd) {
            if (commands.hasOwnProperty(cmd))
                return commands[cmd](this);
        },

        findPosH: function (from, amount, unit, visually) {
            var dir = 1;
            if (amount < 0) {
                dir = -1;
                amount = -amount;
            }
            for (var i = 0, cur = clipPos(this.doc, from); i < amount; ++i) {
                cur = findPosH(this.doc, cur, dir, unit, visually);
                if (cur.hitSide) break;
            }
            return cur;
        },

        moveH: methodOp(function (dir, unit) {
            var cm = this;
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                if (cm.display.shift || cm.doc.extend || range.empty())
                    return findPosH(cm.doc, range.head, dir, unit, cm.options.rtlMoveVisually);
                else
                    return dir < 0 ? range.from() : range.to();
            }, sel_move);
        }),

        deleteH: methodOp(function (dir, unit) {
            var sel = this.doc.sel, doc = this.doc;
            if (sel.somethingSelected())
                doc.replaceSelection("", null, "+delete");
            else
                deleteNearSelection(this, function (range) {
                    var other = findPosH(doc, range.head, dir, unit, false);
                    return dir < 0 ? {from: other, to: range.head} : {from: range.head, to: other};
                });
        }),

        findPosV: function (from, amount, unit, goalColumn) {
            var dir = 1, x = goalColumn;
            if (amount < 0) {
                dir = -1;
                amount = -amount;
            }
            for (var i = 0, cur = clipPos(this.doc, from); i < amount; ++i) {
                var coords = cursorCoords(this, cur, "div");
                if (x == null) x = coords.left;
                else coords.left = x;
                cur = findPosV(this, coords, dir, unit);
                if (cur.hitSide) break;
            }
            return cur;
        },

        moveV: methodOp(function (dir, unit) {
            var cm = this, doc = this.doc, goals = [];
            var collapse = !cm.display.shift && !doc.extend && doc.sel.somethingSelected();
            doc.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                if (collapse)
                    return dir < 0 ? range.from() : range.to();
                var headPos = cursorCoords(cm, range.head, "div");
                if (range.goalColumn != null) headPos.left = range.goalColumn;
                goals.push(headPos.left);
                var pos = findPosV(cm, headPos, dir, unit);
                if (unit == "page" && range == doc.sel.primary())
                    addToScrollPos(cm, null, charCoords(cm, pos, "div").top - headPos.top);
                return pos;
            }, sel_move);
            if (goals.length) for (var i = 0; i < doc.sel.ranges.length; i++)
                doc.sel.ranges[i].goalColumn = goals[i];
        }),

        // Find the word at the given position (as returned by coordsChar).
        findWordAt: function (pos) {
            var doc = this.doc, line = getLine(doc, pos.line).text;
            var start = pos.ch, end = pos.ch;
            if (line) {
                var helper = this.getHelper(pos, "wordChars");
                if ((pos.xRel < 0 || end == line.length) && start) --start; else ++end;
                var startChar = line.charAt(start);
                var check = isWordChar(startChar, helper)
                    ? function (ch) {
                        return isWordChar(ch, helper);
                    }
                    : /\s/.test(startChar) ? function (ch) {
                            return /\s/.test(ch);
                        }
                        : function (ch) {
                            return !/\s/.test(ch) && !isWordChar(ch);
                        };
                while (start > 0 && check(line.charAt(start - 1))) --start;
                while (end < line.length && check(line.charAt(end))) ++end;
            }
            return new Range(Pos(pos.line, start), Pos(pos.line, end));
        },

        toggleOverwrite: function (value) {
            if (value != null && value == this.state.overwrite) return;
            if (this.state.overwrite = !this.state.overwrite)
                addClass(this.display.cursorDiv, "CodeMirror-overwrite");
            else
                rmClass(this.display.cursorDiv, "CodeMirror-overwrite");

            signal(this, "overwriteToggle", this, this.state.overwrite);
        },
        hasFocus: function () {
            return activeElt() == this.display.input;
        },

        scrollTo: methodOp(function (x, y) {
            if (x != null || y != null) resolveScrollToPos(this);
            if (x != null) this.curOp.scrollLeft = x;
            if (y != null) this.curOp.scrollTop = y;
        }),
        getScrollInfo: function () {
            var scroller = this.display.scroller, co = scrollerCutOff;
            return {
                left: scroller.scrollLeft, top: scroller.scrollTop,
                height: scroller.scrollHeight - co, width: scroller.scrollWidth - co,
                clientHeight: scroller.clientHeight - co, clientWidth: scroller.clientWidth - co
            };
        },

        scrollIntoView: methodOp(function (range, margin) {
            if (range == null) {
                range = {from: this.doc.sel.primary().head, to: null};
                if (margin == null) margin = this.options.cursorScrollMargin;
            } else if (typeof range == "number") {
                range = {from: Pos(range, 0), to: null};
            } else if (range.from == null) {
                range = {from: range, to: null};
            }
            if (!range.to) range.to = range.from;
            range.margin = margin || 0;

            if (range.from.line != null) {
                resolveScrollToPos(this);
                this.curOp.scrollToPos = range;
            } else {
                var sPos = calculateScrollPos(this, Math.min(range.from.left, range.to.left),
                    Math.min(range.from.top, range.to.top) - range.margin,
                    Math.max(range.from.right, range.to.right),
                    Math.max(range.from.bottom, range.to.bottom) + range.margin);
                this.scrollTo(sPos.scrollLeft, sPos.scrollTop);
            }
        }),

        setSize: methodOp(function (width, height) {
            var cm = this;

            function interpret(val) {
                return typeof val == "number" || /^\d+$/.test(String(val)) ? val + "px" : val;
            }

            if (width != null) cm.display.wrapper.style.width = interpret(width);
            if (height != null) cm.display.wrapper.style.height = interpret(height);
            if (cm.options.lineWrapping) clearLineMeasurementCache(this);
            var lineNo = cm.display.viewFrom;
            cm.doc.iter(lineNo, cm.display.viewTo, function (line) {
                if (line.widgets) for (var i = 0; i < line.widgets.length; i++)
                    if (line.widgets[i].noHScroll) {
                        regLineChange(cm, lineNo, "widget");
                        break;
                    }
                ++lineNo;
            });
            cm.curOp.forceUpdate = true;
            signal(cm, "refresh", this);
        }),

        operation: function (f) {
            return runInOp(this, f);
        },

        refresh: methodOp(function () {
            var oldHeight = this.display.cachedTextHeight;
            regChange(this);
            this.curOp.forceUpdate = true;
            clearCaches(this);
            this.scrollTo(this.doc.scrollLeft, this.doc.scrollTop);
            updateGutterSpace(this);
            if (oldHeight == null || Math.abs(oldHeight - textHeight(this.display)) > .5)
                estimateLineHeights(this);
            signal(this, "refresh", this);
        }),

        swapDoc: methodOp(function (doc) {
            var old = this.doc;
            old.cm = null;
            attachDoc(this, doc);
            clearCaches(this);
            resetInput(this);
            this.scrollTo(doc.scrollLeft, doc.scrollTop);
            this.curOp.forceScroll = true;
            signalLater(this, "swapDoc", this, old);
            return old;
        }),

        getInputField: function () {
            return this.display.input;
        },
        getWrapperElement: function () {
            return this.display.wrapper;
        },
        getScrollerElement: function () {
            return this.display.scroller;
        },
        getGutterElement: function () {
            return this.display.gutters;
        }
    };
    eventMixin(CodeMirror);

    // OPTION DEFAULTS

    // The default configuration options.
    var defaults = CodeMirror.defaults = {};
    // Functions to run when options are changed.
    var optionHandlers = CodeMirror.optionHandlers = {};

    function option(name, deflt, handle, notOnInit) {
        CodeMirror.defaults[name] = deflt;
        if (handle) optionHandlers[name] =
            notOnInit ? function (cm, val, old) {
                if (old != Init) handle(cm, val, old);
            } : handle;
    }

    // Passed to option handlers when there is no old value.
    var Init = CodeMirror.Init = {
        toString: function () {
            return "CodeMirror.Init";
        }
    };

    // These two are, on init, called from the constructor because they
    // have to be initialized before the editor can start at all.
    option("value", "", function (cm, val) {
        cm.setValue(val);
    }, true);
    option("mode", null, function (cm, val) {
        cm.doc.modeOption = val;
        loadMode(cm);
    }, true);

    option("indentUnit", 2, loadMode, true);
    option("indentWithTabs", false);
    option("smartIndent", true);
    option("tabSize", 4, function (cm) {
        resetModeState(cm);
        clearCaches(cm);
        regChange(cm);
    }, true);
    option("specialChars", /[\t\u0000-\u0019\u00ad\u200b-\u200f\u2028\u2029\ufeff]/g, function (cm, val) {
        cm.options.specialChars = new RegExp(val.source + (val.test("\t") ? "" : "|\t"), "g");
        cm.refresh();
    }, true);
    option("specialCharPlaceholder", defaultSpecialCharPlaceholder, function (cm) {
        cm.refresh();
    }, true);
    option("electricChars", true);
    option("rtlMoveVisually", !windows);
    option("wholeLineUpdateBefore", true);

    option("theme", "default", function (cm) {
        themeChanged(cm);
        guttersChanged(cm);
    }, true);
    option("keyMap", "default", keyMapChanged);
    option("extraKeys", null);

    option("lineWrapping", false, wrappingChanged, true);
    option("gutters", [], function (cm) {
        setGuttersForLineNumbers(cm.options);
        guttersChanged(cm);
    }, true);
    option("fixedGutter", true, function (cm, val) {
        cm.display.gutters.style.left = val ? compensateForHScroll(cm.display) + "px" : "0";
        cm.refresh();
    }, true);
    option("coverGutterNextToScrollbar", false, updateScrollbars, true);
    option("lineNumbers", false, function (cm) {
        setGuttersForLineNumbers(cm.options);
        guttersChanged(cm);
    }, true);
    option("firstLineNumber", 1, guttersChanged, true);
    option("lineNumberFormatter", function (integer) {
        return integer;
    }, guttersChanged, true);
    option("showCursorWhenSelecting", false, updateSelection, true);

    option("resetSelectionOnContextMenu", true);

    option("readOnly", false, function (cm, val) {
        if (val == "nocursor") {
            onBlur(cm);
            cm.display.input.blur();
            cm.display.disabled = true;
        } else {
            cm.display.disabled = false;
            if (!val) resetInput(cm);
        }
    });
    option("disableInput", false, function (cm, val) {
        if (!val) resetInput(cm);
    }, true);
    option("dragDrop", true);

    option("cursorBlinkRate", 530);
    option("cursorScrollMargin", 0);
    option("cursorHeight", 1, updateSelection, true);
    option("singleCursorHeightPerLine", true, updateSelection, true);
    option("workTime", 100);
    option("workDelay", 100);
    option("flattenSpans", true, resetModeState, true);
    option("addModeClass", false, resetModeState, true);
    option("pollInterval", 100);
    option("undoDepth", 200, function (cm, val) {
        cm.doc.history.undoDepth = val;
    });
    option("historyEventDelay", 1250);
    option("viewportMargin", 10, function (cm) {
        cm.refresh();
    }, true);
    option("maxHighlightLength", 10000, resetModeState, true);
    option("moveInputWithCursor", true, function (cm, val) {
        if (!val) cm.display.inputDiv.style.top = cm.display.inputDiv.style.left = 0;
    });

    option("tabindex", null, function (cm, val) {
        cm.display.input.tabIndex = val || "";
    });
    option("autofocus", null);

    // MODE DEFINITION AND QUERYING

    // Known modes, by name and by MIME
    var modes = CodeMirror.modes = {}, mimeModes = CodeMirror.mimeModes = {};

    // Extra arguments are stored as the mode's dependencies, which is
    // used by (legacy) mechanisms like loadmode.js to automatically
    // load a mode. (Preferred mechanism is the require/define calls.)
    CodeMirror.defineMode = function (name, mode) {
        if (!CodeMirror.defaults.mode && name != "null") CodeMirror.defaults.mode = name;
        if (arguments.length > 2)
            mode.dependencies = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
        modes[name] = mode;
    };

    CodeMirror.defineMIME = function (mime, spec) {
        mimeModes[mime] = spec;
    };

    // Given a MIME type, a {name, ...options} config object, or a name
    // string, return a mode config object.
    CodeMirror.resolveMode = function (spec) {
        if (typeof spec == "string" && mimeModes.hasOwnProperty(spec)) {
            spec = mimeModes[spec];
        } else if (spec && typeof spec.name == "string" && mimeModes.hasOwnProperty(spec.name)) {
            var found = mimeModes[spec.name];
            if (typeof found == "string") found = {name: found};
            spec = createObj(found, spec);
            spec.name = found.name;
        } else if (typeof spec == "string" && /^[\w\-]+\/[\w\-]+\+xml$/.test(spec)) {
            return CodeMirror.resolveMode("application/xml");
        }
        if (typeof spec == "string") return {name: spec};
        else return spec || {name: "null"};
    };

    // Given a mode spec (anything that resolveMode accepts), find and
    // initialize an actual mode object.
    CodeMirror.getMode = function (options, spec) {
        var spec = CodeMirror.resolveMode(spec);
        var mfactory = modes[spec.name];
        if (!mfactory) return CodeMirror.getMode(options, "text/plain");
        var modeObj = mfactory(options, spec);
        if (modeExtensions.hasOwnProperty(spec.name)) {
            var exts = modeExtensions[spec.name];
            for (var prop in exts) {
                if (!exts.hasOwnProperty(prop)) continue;
                if (modeObj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) modeObj["_" + prop] = modeObj[prop];
                modeObj[prop] = exts[prop];
            }
        }
        modeObj.name = spec.name;
        if (spec.helperType) modeObj.helperType = spec.helperType;
        if (spec.modeProps) for (var prop in spec.modeProps)
            modeObj[prop] = spec.modeProps[prop];

        return modeObj;
    };

    // Minimal default mode.
    CodeMirror.defineMode("null", function () {
        return {
            token: function (stream) {
                stream.skipToEnd();
            }
        };
    });
    CodeMirror.defineMIME("text/plain", "null");

    // This can be used to attach properties to mode objects from
    // outside the actual mode definition.
    var modeExtensions = CodeMirror.modeExtensions = {};
    CodeMirror.extendMode = function (mode, properties) {
        var exts = modeExtensions.hasOwnProperty(mode) ? modeExtensions[mode] : (modeExtensions[mode] = {});
        copyObj(properties, exts);
    };

    // EXTENSIONS

    CodeMirror.defineExtension = function (name, func) {
        CodeMirror.prototype[name] = func;
    };
    CodeMirror.defineDocExtension = function (name, func) {
        Doc.prototype[name] = func;
    };
    CodeMirror.defineOption = option;

    var initHooks = [];
    CodeMirror.defineInitHook = function (f) {
        initHooks.push(f);
    };

    var helpers = CodeMirror.helpers = {};
    CodeMirror.registerHelper = function (type, name, value) {
        if (!helpers.hasOwnProperty(type)) helpers[type] = CodeMirror[type] = {_global: []};
        helpers[type][name] = value;
    };
    CodeMirror.registerGlobalHelper = function (type, name, predicate, value) {
        CodeMirror.registerHelper(type, name, value);
        helpers[type]._global.push({pred: predicate, val: value});
    };

    // MODE STATE HANDLING

    // Utility functions for working with state. Exported because nested
    // modes need to do this for their inner modes.

    var copyState = CodeMirror.copyState = function (mode, state) {
        if (state === true) return state;
        if (mode.copyState) return mode.copyState(state);
        var nstate = {};
        for (var n in state) {
            var val = state[n];
            if (val instanceof Array) val = val.concat([]);
            nstate[n] = val;
        }
        return nstate;
    };

    var startState = CodeMirror.startState = function (mode, a1, a2) {
        return mode.startState ? mode.startState(a1, a2) : true;
    };

    // Given a mode and a state (for that mode), find the inner mode and
    // state at the position that the state refers to.
    CodeMirror.innerMode = function (mode, state) {
        while (mode.innerMode) {
            var info = mode.innerMode(state);
            if (!info || info.mode == mode) break;
            state = info.state;
            mode = info.mode;
        }
        return info || {mode: mode, state: state};
    };

    // STANDARD COMMANDS

    // Commands are parameter-less actions that can be performed on an
    // editor, mostly used for keybindings.
    var commands = CodeMirror.commands = {
        selectAll: function (cm) {
            cm.setSelection(Pos(cm.firstLine(), 0), Pos(cm.lastLine()), sel_dontScroll);
        },
        singleSelection: function (cm) {
            cm.setSelection(cm.getCursor("anchor"), cm.getCursor("head"), sel_dontScroll);
        },
        killLine: function (cm) {
            deleteNearSelection(cm, function (range) {
                if (range.empty()) {
                    var len = getLine(cm.doc, range.head.line).text.length;
                    if (range.head.ch == len && range.head.line < cm.lastLine())
                        return {from: range.head, to: Pos(range.head.line + 1, 0)};
                    else
                        return {from: range.head, to: Pos(range.head.line, len)};
                } else {
                    return {from: range.from(), to: range.to()};
                }
            });
        },
        deleteLine: function (cm) {
            deleteNearSelection(cm, function (range) {
                return {
                    from: Pos(range.from().line, 0),
                    to: clipPos(cm.doc, Pos(range.to().line + 1, 0))
                };
            });
        },
        delLineLeft: function (cm) {
            deleteNearSelection(cm, function (range) {
                return {from: Pos(range.from().line, 0), to: range.from()};
            });
        },
        delWrappedLineLeft: function (cm) {
            deleteNearSelection(cm, function (range) {
                var top = cm.charCoords(range.head, "div").top + 5;
                var leftPos = cm.coordsChar({left: 0, top: top}, "div");
                return {from: leftPos, to: range.from()};
            });
        },
        delWrappedLineRight: function (cm) {
            deleteNearSelection(cm, function (range) {
                var top = cm.charCoords(range.head, "div").top + 5;
                var rightPos = cm.coordsChar({left: cm.display.lineDiv.offsetWidth + 100, top: top}, "div");
                return {from: range.from(), to: rightPos};
            });
        },
        undo: function (cm) {
            cm.undo();
        },
        redo: function (cm) {
            cm.redo();
        },
        undoSelection: function (cm) {
            cm.undoSelection();
        },
        redoSelection: function (cm) {
            cm.redoSelection();
        },
        goDocStart: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelection(Pos(cm.firstLine(), 0));
        },
        goDocEnd: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelection(Pos(cm.lastLine()));
        },
        goLineStart: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                    return lineStart(cm, range.head.line);
                },
                {origin: "+move", bias: 1});
        },
        goLineStartSmart: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                return lineStartSmart(cm, range.head);
            }, {origin: "+move", bias: 1});
        },
        goLineEnd: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                    return lineEnd(cm, range.head.line);
                },
                {origin: "+move", bias: -1});
        },
        goLineRight: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                var top = cm.charCoords(range.head, "div").top + 5;
                return cm.coordsChar({left: cm.display.lineDiv.offsetWidth + 100, top: top}, "div");
            }, sel_move);
        },
        goLineLeft: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                var top = cm.charCoords(range.head, "div").top + 5;
                return cm.coordsChar({left: 0, top: top}, "div");
            }, sel_move);
        },
        goLineLeftSmart: function (cm) {
            cm.extendSelectionsBy(function (range) {
                var top = cm.charCoords(range.head, "div").top + 5;
                var pos = cm.coordsChar({left: 0, top: top}, "div");
                if (pos.ch < cm.getLine(pos.line).search(/\S/)) return lineStartSmart(cm, range.head);
                return pos;
            }, sel_move);
        },
        goLineUp: function (cm) {
            cm.moveV(-1, "line");
        },
        goLineDown: function (cm) {
            cm.moveV(1, "line");
        },
        goPageUp: function (cm) {
            cm.moveV(-1, "page");
        },
        goPageDown: function (cm) {
            cm.moveV(1, "page");
        },
        goCharLeft: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(-1, "char");
        },
        goCharRight: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(1, "char");
        },
        goColumnLeft: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(-1, "column");
        },
        goColumnRight: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(1, "column");
        },
        goWordLeft: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(-1, "word");
        },
        goGroupRight: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(1, "group");
        },
        goGroupLeft: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(-1, "group");
        },
        goWordRight: function (cm) {
            cm.moveH(1, "word");
        },
        delCharBefore: function (cm) {
            cm.deleteH(-1, "char");
        },
        delCharAfter: function (cm) {
            cm.deleteH(1, "char");
        },
        delWordBefore: function (cm) {
            cm.deleteH(-1, "word");
        },
        delWordAfter: function (cm) {
            cm.deleteH(1, "word");
        },
        delGroupBefore: function (cm) {
            cm.deleteH(-1, "group");
        },
        delGroupAfter: function (cm) {
            cm.deleteH(1, "group");
        },
        indentAuto: function (cm) {
            cm.indentSelection("smart");
        },
        indentMore: function (cm) {
            cm.indentSelection("add");
        },
        indentLess: function (cm) {
            cm.indentSelection("subtract");
        },
        insertTab: function (cm) {
            cm.replaceSelection("\t");
        },
        insertSoftTab: function (cm) {
            var spaces = [], ranges = cm.listSelections(), tabSize = cm.options.tabSize;
            for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
                var pos = ranges[i].from();
                var col = countColumn(cm.getLine(pos.line), pos.ch, tabSize);
                spaces.push(new Array(tabSize - col % tabSize + 1).join(" "));
            }
            cm.replaceSelections(spaces);
        },
        defaultTab: function (cm) {
            if (cm.somethingSelected()) cm.indentSelection("add");
            else cm.execCommand("insertTab");
        },
        transposeChars: function (cm) {
            runInOp(cm, function () {
                var ranges = cm.listSelections(), newSel = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
                    var cur = ranges[i].head, line = getLine(cm.doc, cur.line).text;
                    if (line) {
                        if (cur.ch == line.length) cur = new Pos(cur.line, cur.ch - 1);
                        if (cur.ch > 0) {
                            cur = new Pos(cur.line, cur.ch + 1);
                            cm.replaceRange(line.charAt(cur.ch - 1) + line.charAt(cur.ch - 2),
                                Pos(cur.line, cur.ch - 2), cur, "+transpose");
                        } else if (cur.line > cm.doc.first) {
                            var prev = getLine(cm.doc, cur.line - 1).text;
                            if (prev)
                                cm.replaceRange(line.charAt(0) + "\n" + prev.charAt(prev.length - 1),
                                    Pos(cur.line - 1, prev.length - 1), Pos(cur.line, 1), "+transpose");
                        }
                    }
                    newSel.push(new Range(cur, cur));
                }
                cm.setSelections(newSel);
            });
        },
        newlineAndIndent: function (cm) {
            runInOp(cm, function () {
                var len = cm.listSelections().length;
                for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    var range = cm.listSelections()[i];
                    cm.replaceRange("\n", range.anchor, range.head, "+input");
                    cm.indentLine(range.from().line + 1, null, true);
                    ensureCursorVisible(cm);
                }
            });
        },
        toggleOverwrite: function (cm) {
            cm.toggleOverwrite();
        }
    };

    // STANDARD KEYMAPS

    var keyMap = CodeMirror.keyMap = {};
    keyMap.basic = {
        "Left": "goCharLeft", "Right": "goCharRight", "Up": "goLineUp", "Down": "goLineDown",
        "End": "goLineEnd", "Home": "goLineStartSmart", "PageUp": "goPageUp", "PageDown": "goPageDown",
        "Delete": "delCharAfter", "Backspace": "delCharBefore", "Shift-Backspace": "delCharBefore",
        "Tab": "defaultTab", "Shift-Tab": "indentAuto",
        "Enter": "newlineAndIndent", "Insert": "toggleOverwrite",
        "Esc": "singleSelection"
    };
    // Note that the save and find-related commands aren't defined by
    // default. User code or addons can define them. Unknown commands
    // are simply ignored.
    keyMap.pcDefault = {
        "Ctrl-A": "selectAll", "Ctrl-D": "deleteLine", "Ctrl-Z": "undo", "Shift-Ctrl-Z": "redo", "Ctrl-Y": "redo",
        "Ctrl-Home": "goDocStart", "Ctrl-End": "goDocEnd", "Ctrl-Up": "goLineUp", "Ctrl-Down": "goLineDown",
        "Ctrl-Left": "goGroupLeft", "Ctrl-Right": "goGroupRight", "Alt-Left": "goLineStart", "Alt-Right": "goLineEnd",
        "Ctrl-Backspace": "delGroupBefore", "Ctrl-Delete": "delGroupAfter", "Ctrl-S": "save", "Ctrl-F": "find",
        "Ctrl-G": "findNext", "Shift-Ctrl-G": "findPrev", "Shift-Ctrl-F": "replace", "Shift-Ctrl-R": "replaceAll",
        "Ctrl-[": "indentLess", "Ctrl-]": "indentMore",
        "Ctrl-U": "undoSelection", "Shift-Ctrl-U": "redoSelection", "Alt-U": "redoSelection",
        fallthrough: "basic"
    };
    keyMap.macDefault = {
        "Cmd-A": "selectAll",
        "Cmd-D": "deleteLine",
        "Cmd-Z": "undo",
        "Shift-Cmd-Z": "redo",
        "Cmd-Y": "redo",
        "Cmd-Home": "goDocStart",
        "Cmd-Up": "goDocStart",
        "Cmd-End": "goDocEnd",
        "Cmd-Down": "goDocEnd",
        "Alt-Left": "goGroupLeft",
        "Alt-Right": "goGroupRight",
        "Cmd-Left": "goLineLeft",
        "Cmd-Right": "goLineRight",
        "Alt-Backspace": "delGroupBefore",
        "Ctrl-Alt-Backspace": "delGroupAfter",
        "Alt-Delete": "delGroupAfter",
        "Cmd-S": "save",
        "Cmd-F": "find",
        "Cmd-G": "findNext",
        "Shift-Cmd-G": "findPrev",
        "Cmd-Alt-F": "replace",
        "Shift-Cmd-Alt-F": "replaceAll",
        "Cmd-[": "indentLess",
        "Cmd-]": "indentMore",
        "Cmd-Backspace": "delWrappedLineLeft",
        "Cmd-Delete": "delWrappedLineRight",
        "Cmd-U": "undoSelection",
        "Shift-Cmd-U": "redoSelection",
        "Ctrl-Up": "goDocStart",
        "Ctrl-Down": "goDocEnd",
        fallthrough: ["basic", "emacsy"]
    };
    // Very basic readline/emacs-style bindings, which are standard on Mac.
    keyMap.emacsy = {
        "Ctrl-F": "goCharRight", "Ctrl-B": "goCharLeft", "Ctrl-P": "goLineUp", "Ctrl-N": "goLineDown",
        "Alt-F": "goWordRight", "Alt-B": "goWordLeft", "Ctrl-A": "goLineStart", "Ctrl-E": "goLineEnd",
        "Ctrl-V": "goPageDown", "Shift-Ctrl-V": "goPageUp", "Ctrl-D": "delCharAfter", "Ctrl-H": "delCharBefore",
        "Alt-D": "delWordAfter", "Alt-Backspace": "delWordBefore", "Ctrl-K": "killLine", "Ctrl-T": "transposeChars"
    };
    keyMap["default"] = mac ? keyMap.macDefault : keyMap.pcDefault;

    // KEYMAP DISPATCH

    function getKeyMap(val) {
        if (typeof val == "string") return keyMap[val];
        else return val;
    }

    // Given an array of keymaps and a key name, call handle on any
    // bindings found, until that returns a truthy value, at which point
    // we consider the key handled. Implements things like binding a key
    // to false stopping further handling and keymap fallthrough.
    var lookupKey = CodeMirror.lookupKey = function (name, maps, handle) {
        function lookup(map) {
            map = getKeyMap(map);
            var found = map[name];
            if (found === false) return "stop";
            if (found != null && handle(found)) return true;
            if (map.nofallthrough) return "stop";

            var fallthrough = map.fallthrough;
            if (fallthrough == null) return false;
            if (Object.prototype.toString.call(fallthrough) != "[object Array]")
                return lookup(fallthrough);
            for (var i = 0; i < fallthrough.length; ++i) {
                var done = lookup(fallthrough[i]);
                if (done) return done;
            }
            return false;
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < maps.length; ++i) {
            var done = lookup(maps[i]);
            if (done) return done != "stop";
        }
    };

    // Modifier key presses don't count as 'real' key presses for the
    // purpose of keymap fallthrough.
    var isModifierKey = CodeMirror.isModifierKey = function (event) {
        var name = keyNames[event.keyCode];
        return name == "Ctrl" || name == "Alt" || name == "Shift" || name == "Mod";
    };

    // Look up the name of a key as indicated by an event object.
    var keyName = CodeMirror.keyName = function (event, noShift) {
        if (presto && event.keyCode == 34 && event["char"]) return false;
        var name = keyNames[event.keyCode];
        if (name == null || event.altGraphKey) return false;
        if (event.altKey) name = "Alt-" + name;
        if (flipCtrlCmd ? event.metaKey : event.ctrlKey) name = "Ctrl-" + name;
        if (flipCtrlCmd ? event.ctrlKey : event.metaKey) name = "Cmd-" + name;
        if (!noShift && event.shiftKey) name = "Shift-" + name;
        return name;
    };

    // FROMTEXTAREA

    CodeMirror.fromTextArea = function (textarea, options) {
        if (!options) options = {};
        options.value = textarea.value;
        if (!options.tabindex && textarea.tabindex)
            options.tabindex = textarea.tabindex;
        if (!options.placeholder && textarea.placeholder)
            options.placeholder = textarea.placeholder;
        // Set autofocus to true if this textarea is focused, or if it has
        // autofocus and no other element is focused.
        if (options.autofocus == null) {
            var hasFocus = activeElt();
            options.autofocus = hasFocus == textarea ||
                textarea.getAttribute("autofocus") != null && hasFocus == document.body;
        }

        function save() {
            textarea.value = cm.getValue();
        }

        if (textarea.form) {
            on(textarea.form, "submit", save);
            // Deplorable hack to make the submit method do the right thing.
            if (!options.leaveSubmitMethodAlone) {
                var form = textarea.form, realSubmit = form.submit;
                try {
                    var wrappedSubmit = form.submit = function () {
                        save();
                        form.submit = realSubmit;
                        form.submit();
                        form.submit = wrappedSubmit;
                    };
                } catch (e) {
                }
            }
        }

        textarea.style.display = "none";
        var cm = CodeMirror(function (node) {
            textarea.parentNode.insertBefore(node, textarea.nextSibling);
        }, options);
        cm.save = save;
        cm.getTextArea = function () {
            return textarea;
        };
        cm.toTextArea = function () {
            cm.toTextArea = isNaN; // Prevent this from being ran twice
            save();
            textarea.parentNode.removeChild(cm.getWrapperElement());
            textarea.style.display = "";
            if (textarea.form) {
                off(textarea.form, "submit", save);
                if (typeof textarea.form.submit == "function")
                    textarea.form.submit = realSubmit;
            }
        };
        return cm;
    };

    // STRING STREAM

    // Fed to the mode parsers, provides helper functions to make
    // parsers more succinct.

    var StringStream = CodeMirror.StringStream = function (string, tabSize) {
        this.pos = this.start = 0;
        this.string = string;
        this.tabSize = tabSize || 8;
        this.lastColumnPos = this.lastColumnValue = 0;
        this.lineStart = 0;
    };

    StringStream.prototype = {
        eol: function () {
            return this.pos >= this.string.length;
        },
        sol: function () {
            return this.pos == this.lineStart;
        },
        peek: function () {
            return this.string.charAt(this.pos) || undefined;
        },
        next: function () {
            if (this.pos < this.string.length)
                return this.string.charAt(this.pos++);
        },
        eat: function (match) {
            var ch = this.string.charAt(this.pos);
            if (typeof match == "string") var ok = ch == match;
            else var ok = ch && (match.test ? match.test(ch) : match(ch));
            if (ok) {
                ++this.pos;
                return ch;
            }
        },
        eatWhile: function (match) {
            var start = this.pos;
            while (this.eat(match)) {
            }
            return this.pos > start;
        },
        eatSpace: function () {
            var start = this.pos;
            while (/[\s\u00a0]/.test(this.string.charAt(this.pos))) ++this.pos;
            return this.pos > start;
        },
        skipToEnd: function () {
            this.pos = this.string.length;
        },
        skipTo: function (ch) {
            var found = this.string.indexOf(ch, this.pos);
            if (found > -1) {
                this.pos = found;
                return true;
            }
        },
        backUp: function (n) {
            this.pos -= n;
        },
        column: function () {
            if (this.lastColumnPos < this.start) {
                this.lastColumnValue = countColumn(this.string, this.start, this.tabSize, this.lastColumnPos, this.lastColumnValue);
                this.lastColumnPos = this.start;
            }
            return this.lastColumnValue - (this.lineStart ? countColumn(this.string, this.lineStart, this.tabSize) : 0);
        },
        indentation: function () {
            return countColumn(this.string, null, this.tabSize) -
                (this.lineStart ? countColumn(this.string, this.lineStart, this.tabSize) : 0);
        },
        match: function (pattern, consume, caseInsensitive) {
            if (typeof pattern == "string") {
                var cased = function (str) {
                    return caseInsensitive ? str.toLowerCase() : str;
                };
                var substr = this.string.substr(this.pos, pattern.length);
                if (cased(substr) == cased(pattern)) {
                    if (consume !== false) this.pos += pattern.length;
                    return true;
                }
            } else {
                var match = this.string.slice(this.pos).match(pattern);
                if (match && match.index > 0) return null;
                if (match && consume !== false) this.pos += match[0].length;
                return match;
            }
        },
        current: function () {
            return this.string.slice(this.start, this.pos);
        },
        hideFirstChars: function (n, inner) {
            this.lineStart += n;
            try {
                return inner();
            } finally {
                this.lineStart -= n;
            }
        }
    };

    // TEXTMARKERS

    // Created with markText and setBookmark methods. A TextMarker is a
    // handle that can be used to clear or find a marked position in the
    // document. Line objects hold arrays (markedSpans) containing
    // {from, to, marker} object pointing to such marker objects, and
    // indicating that such a marker is present on that line. Multiple
    // lines may point to the same marker when it spans across lines.
    // The spans will have null for their from/to properties when the
    // marker continues beyond the start/end of the line. Markers have
    // links back to the lines they currently touch.

    var TextMarker = CodeMirror.TextMarker = function (doc, type) {
        this.lines = [];
        this.type = type;
        this.doc = doc;
    };
    eventMixin(TextMarker);

    // Clear the marker.
    TextMarker.prototype.clear = function () {
        if (this.explicitlyCleared) return;
        var cm = this.doc.cm, withOp = cm && !cm.curOp;
        if (withOp) startOperation(cm);
        if (hasHandler(this, "clear")) {
            var found = this.find();
            if (found) signalLater(this, "clear", found.from, found.to);
        }
        var min = null, max = null;
        for (var i = 0; i < this.lines.length; ++i) {
            var line = this.lines[i];
            var span = getMarkedSpanFor(line.markedSpans, this);
            if (cm && !this.collapsed) regLineChange(cm, lineNo(line), "text");
            else if (cm) {
                if (span.to != null) max = lineNo(line);
                if (span.from != null) min = lineNo(line);
            }
            line.markedSpans = removeMarkedSpan(line.markedSpans, span);
            if (span.from == null && this.collapsed && !lineIsHidden(this.doc, line) && cm)
                updateLineHeight(line, textHeight(cm.display));
        }
        if (cm && this.collapsed && !cm.options.lineWrapping) for (var i = 0; i < this.lines.length; ++i) {
            var visual = visualLine(this.lines[i]), len = lineLength(visual);
            if (len > cm.display.maxLineLength) {
                cm.display.maxLine = visual;
                cm.display.maxLineLength = len;
                cm.display.maxLineChanged = true;
            }
        }

        if (min != null && cm && this.collapsed) regChange(cm, min, max + 1);
        this.lines.length = 0;
        this.explicitlyCleared = true;
        if (this.atomic && this.doc.cantEdit) {
            this.doc.cantEdit = false;
            if (cm) reCheckSelection(cm.doc);
        }
        if (cm) signalLater(cm, "markerCleared", cm, this);
        if (withOp) endOperation(cm);
        if (this.parent) this.parent.clear();
    };

    // Find the position of the marker in the document. Returns a {from,
    // to} object by default. Side can be passed to get a specific side
    // -- 0 (both), -1 (left), or 1 (right). When lineObj is true, the
    // Pos objects returned contain a line object, rather than a line
    // number (used to prevent looking up the same line twice).
    TextMarker.prototype.find = function (side, lineObj) {
        if (side == null && this.type == "bookmark") side = 1;
        var from, to;
        for (var i = 0; i < this.lines.length; ++i) {
            var line = this.lines[i];
            var span = getMarkedSpanFor(line.markedSpans, this);
            if (span.from != null) {
                from = Pos(lineObj ? line : lineNo(line), span.from);
                if (side == -1) return from;
            }
            if (span.to != null) {
                to = Pos(lineObj ? line : lineNo(line), span.to);
                if (side == 1) return to;
            }
        }
        return from && {from: from, to: to};
    };

    // Signals that the marker's widget changed, and surrounding layout
    // should be recomputed.
    TextMarker.prototype.changed = function () {
        var pos = this.find(-1, true), widget = this, cm = this.doc.cm;
        if (!pos || !cm) return;
        runInOp(cm, function () {
            var line = pos.line, lineN = lineNo(pos.line);
            var view = findViewForLine(cm, lineN);
            if (view) {
                clearLineMeasurementCacheFor(view);
                cm.curOp.selectionChanged = cm.curOp.forceUpdate = true;
            }
            cm.curOp.updateMaxLine = true;
            if (!lineIsHidden(widget.doc, line) && widget.height != null) {
                var oldHeight = widget.height;
                widget.height = null;
                var dHeight = widgetHeight(widget) - oldHeight;
                if (dHeight)
                    updateLineHeight(line, line.height + dHeight);
            }
        });
    };

    TextMarker.prototype.attachLine = function (line) {
        if (!this.lines.length && this.doc.cm) {
            var op = this.doc.cm.curOp;
            if (!op.maybeHiddenMarkers || indexOf(op.maybeHiddenMarkers, this) == -1)
                (op.maybeUnhiddenMarkers || (op.maybeUnhiddenMarkers = [])).push(this);
        }
        this.lines.push(line);
    };
    TextMarker.prototype.detachLine = function (line) {
        this.lines.splice(indexOf(this.lines, line), 1);
        if (!this.lines.length && this.doc.cm) {
            var op = this.doc.cm.curOp;
            (op.maybeHiddenMarkers || (op.maybeHiddenMarkers = [])).push(this);
        }
    };

    // Collapsed markers have unique ids, in order to be able to order
    // them, which is needed for uniquely determining an outer marker
    // when they overlap (they may nest, but not partially overlap).
    var nextMarkerId = 0;

    // Create a marker, wire it up to the right lines, and
    function markText(doc, from, to, options, type) {
        // Shared markers (across linked documents) are handled separately
        // (markTextShared will call out to this again, once per
        // document).
        if (options && options.shared) return markTextShared(doc, from, to, options, type);
        // Ensure we are in an operation.
        if (doc.cm && !doc.cm.curOp) return operation(doc.cm, markText)(doc, from, to, options, type);

        var marker = new TextMarker(doc, type), diff = cmp(from, to);
        if (options) copyObj(options, marker, false);
        // Don't connect empty markers unless clearWhenEmpty is false
        if (diff > 0 || diff == 0 && marker.clearWhenEmpty !== false)
            return marker;
        if (marker.replacedWith) {
            // Showing up as a widget implies collapsed (widget replaces text)
            marker.collapsed = true;
            marker.widgetNode = elt("span", [marker.replacedWith], "CodeMirror-widget");
            if (!options.handleMouseEvents) marker.widgetNode.ignoreEvents = true;
            if (options.insertLeft) marker.widgetNode.insertLeft = true;
        }
        if (marker.collapsed) {
            if (conflictingCollapsedRange(doc, from.line, from, to, marker) ||
                from.line != to.line && conflictingCollapsedRange(doc, to.line, from, to, marker))
                throw new Error("Inserting collapsed marker partially overlapping an existing one");
            sawCollapsedSpans = true;
        }

        if (marker.addToHistory)
            addChangeToHistory(doc, {from: from, to: to, origin: "markText"}, doc.sel, NaN);

        var curLine = from.line, cm = doc.cm, updateMaxLine;
        doc.iter(curLine, to.line + 1, function (line) {
            if (cm && marker.collapsed && !cm.options.lineWrapping && visualLine(line) == cm.display.maxLine)
                updateMaxLine = true;
            if (marker.collapsed && curLine != from.line) updateLineHeight(line, 0);
            addMarkedSpan(line, new MarkedSpan(marker,
                curLine == from.line ? from.ch : null,
                curLine == to.line ? to.ch : null));
            ++curLine;
        });
        // lineIsHidden depends on the presence of the spans, so needs a second pass
        if (marker.collapsed) doc.iter(from.line, to.line + 1, function (line) {
            if (lineIsHidden(doc, line)) updateLineHeight(line, 0);
        });

        if (marker.clearOnEnter) on(marker, "beforeCursorEnter", function () {
            marker.clear();
        });

        if (marker.readOnly) {
            sawReadOnlySpans = true;
            if (doc.history.done.length || doc.history.undone.length)
                doc.clearHistory();
        }
        if (marker.collapsed) {
            marker.id = ++nextMarkerId;
            marker.atomic = true;
        }
        if (cm) {
            // Sync editor state
            if (updateMaxLine) cm.curOp.updateMaxLine = true;
            if (marker.collapsed)
                regChange(cm, from.line, to.line + 1);
            else if (marker.className || marker.title || marker.startStyle || marker.endStyle)
                for (var i = from.line; i <= to.line; i++) regLineChange(cm, i, "text");
            if (marker.atomic) reCheckSelection(cm.doc);
            signalLater(cm, "markerAdded", cm, marker);
        }
        return marker;
    }

    // SHARED TEXTMARKERS

    // A shared marker spans multiple linked documents. It is
    // implemented as a meta-marker-object controlling multiple normal
    // markers.
    var SharedTextMarker = CodeMirror.SharedTextMarker = function (markers, primary) {
        this.markers = markers;
        this.primary = primary;
        for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; ++i)
            markers[i].parent = this;
    };
    eventMixin(SharedTextMarker);

    SharedTextMarker.prototype.clear = function () {
        if (this.explicitlyCleared) return;
        this.explicitlyCleared = true;
        for (var i = 0; i < this.markers.length; ++i)
            this.markers[i].clear();
        signalLater(this, "clear");
    };
    SharedTextMarker.prototype.find = function (side, lineObj) {
        return this.primary.find(side, lineObj);
    };

    function markTextShared(doc, from, to, options, type) {
        options = copyObj(options);
        options.shared = false;
        var markers = [markText(doc, from, to, options, type)], primary = markers[0];
        var widget = options.widgetNode;
        linkedDocs(doc, function (doc) {
            if (widget) options.widgetNode = widget.cloneNode(true);
            markers.push(markText(doc, clipPos(doc, from), clipPos(doc, to), options, type));
            for (var i = 0; i < doc.linked.length; ++i)
                if (doc.linked[i].isParent) return;
            primary = lst(markers);
        });
        return new SharedTextMarker(markers, primary);
    }

    function findSharedMarkers(doc) {
        return doc.findMarks(Pos(doc.first, 0), doc.clipPos(Pos(doc.lastLine())),
            function (m) {
                return m.parent;
            });
    }

    function copySharedMarkers(doc, markers) {
        for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; i++) {
            var marker = markers[i], pos = marker.find();
            var mFrom = doc.clipPos(pos.from), mTo = doc.clipPos(pos.to);
            if (cmp(mFrom, mTo)) {
                var subMark = markText(doc, mFrom, mTo, marker.primary, marker.primary.type);
                marker.markers.push(subMark);
                subMark.parent = marker;
            }
        }
    }

    function detachSharedMarkers(markers) {
        for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; i++) {
            var marker = markers[i], linked = [marker.primary.doc];
            ;
            linkedDocs(marker.primary.doc, function (d) {
                linked.push(d);
            });
            for (var j = 0; j < marker.markers.length; j++) {
                var subMarker = marker.markers[j];
                if (indexOf(linked, subMarker.doc) == -1) {
                    subMarker.parent = null;
                    marker.markers.splice(j--, 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // TEXTMARKER SPANS

    function MarkedSpan(marker, from, to) {
        this.marker = marker;
        this.from = from;
        this.to = to;
    }

    // Search an array of spans for a span matching the given marker.
    function getMarkedSpanFor(spans, marker) {
        if (spans) for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; ++i) {
            var span = spans[i];
            if (span.marker == marker) return span;
        }
    }

    // Remove a span from an array, returning undefined if no spans are
    // left (we don't store arrays for lines without spans).
    function removeMarkedSpan(spans, span) {
        for (var r, i = 0; i < spans.length; ++i)
            if (spans[i] != span) (r || (r = [])).push(spans[i]);
        return r;
    }

    // Add a span to a line.
    function addMarkedSpan(line, span) {
        line.markedSpans = line.markedSpans ? line.markedSpans.concat([span]) : [span];
        span.marker.attachLine(line);
    }

    // Used for the algorithm that adjusts markers for a change in the
    // document. These functions cut an array of spans at a given
    // character position, returning an array of remaining chunks (or
    // undefined if nothing remains).
    function markedSpansBefore(old, startCh, isInsert) {
        if (old) for (var i = 0, nw; i < old.length; ++i) {
            var span = old[i], marker = span.marker;
            var startsBefore = span.from == null || (marker.inclusiveLeft ? span.from <= startCh : span.from < startCh);
            if (startsBefore || span.from == startCh && marker.type == "bookmark" && (!isInsert || !span.marker.insertLeft)) {
                var endsAfter = span.to == null || (marker.inclusiveRight ? span.to >= startCh : span.to > startCh);
                (nw || (nw = [])).push(new MarkedSpan(marker, span.from, endsAfter ? null : span.to));
            }
        }
        return nw;
    }

    function markedSpansAfter(old, endCh, isInsert) {
        if (old) for (var i = 0, nw; i < old.length; ++i) {
            var span = old[i], marker = span.marker;
            var endsAfter = span.to == null || (marker.inclusiveRight ? span.to >= endCh : span.to > endCh);
            if (endsAfter || span.from == endCh && marker.type == "bookmark" && (!isInsert || span.marker.insertLeft)) {
                var startsBefore = span.from == null || (marker.inclusiveLeft ? span.from <= endCh : span.from < endCh);
                (nw || (nw = [])).push(new MarkedSpan(marker, startsBefore ? null : span.from - endCh,
                    span.to == null ? null : span.to - endCh));
            }
        }
        return nw;
    }

    // Given a change object, compute the new set of marker spans that
    // cover the line in which the change took place. Removes spans
    // entirely within the change, reconnects spans belonging to the
    // same marker that appear on both sides of the change, and cuts off
    // spans partially within the change. Returns an array of span
    // arrays with one element for each line in (after) the change.
    function stretchSpansOverChange(doc, change) {
        var oldFirst = isLine(doc, change.from.line) && getLine(doc, change.from.line).markedSpans;
        var oldLast = isLine(doc, change.to.line) && getLine(doc, change.to.line).markedSpans;
        if (!oldFirst && !oldLast) return null;

        var startCh = change.from.ch, endCh = change.to.ch, isInsert = cmp(change.from, change.to) == 0;
        // Get the spans that 'stick out' on both sides
        var first = markedSpansBefore(oldFirst, startCh, isInsert);
        var last = markedSpansAfter(oldLast, endCh, isInsert);

        // Next, merge those two ends
        var sameLine = change.text.length == 1, offset = lst(change.text).length + (sameLine ? startCh : 0);
        if (first) {
            // Fix up .to properties of first
            for (var i = 0; i < first.length; ++i) {
                var span = first[i];
                if (span.to == null) {
                    var found = getMarkedSpanFor(last, span.marker);
                    if (!found) span.to = startCh;
                    else if (sameLine) span.to = found.to == null ? null : found.to + offset;
                }
            }
        }
        if (last) {
            // Fix up .from in last (or move them into first in case of sameLine)
            for (var i = 0; i < last.length; ++i) {
                var span = last[i];
                if (span.to != null) span.to += offset;
                if (span.from == null) {
                    var found = getMarkedSpanFor(first, span.marker);
                    if (!found) {
                        span.from = offset;
                        if (sameLine) (first || (first = [])).push(span);
                    }
                } else {
                    span.from += offset;
                    if (sameLine) (first || (first = [])).push(span);
                }
            }
        }
        // Make sure we didn't create any zero-length spans
        if (first) first = clearEmptySpans(first);
        if (last && last != first) last = clearEmptySpans(last);

        var newMarkers = [first];
        if (!sameLine) {
            // Fill gap with whole-line-spans
            var gap = change.text.length - 2, gapMarkers;
            if (gap > 0 && first)
                for (var i = 0; i < first.length; ++i)
                    if (first[i].to == null)
                        (gapMarkers || (gapMarkers = [])).push(new MarkedSpan(first[i].marker, null, null));
            for (var i = 0; i < gap; ++i)
                newMarkers.push(gapMarkers);
            newMarkers.push(last);
        }
        return newMarkers;
    }

    // Remove spans that are empty and don't have a clearWhenEmpty
    // option of false.
    function clearEmptySpans(spans) {
        for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; ++i) {
            var span = spans[i];
            if (span.from != null && span.from == span.to && span.marker.clearWhenEmpty !== false)
                spans.splice(i--, 1);
        }
        if (!spans.length) return null;
        return spans;
    }

    // Used for un/re-doing changes from the history. Combines the
    // result of computing the existing spans with the set of spans that
    // existed in the history (so that deleting around a span and then
    // undoing brings back the span).
    function mergeOldSpans(doc, change) {
        var old = getOldSpans(doc, change);
        var stretched = stretchSpansOverChange(doc, change);
        if (!old) return stretched;
        if (!stretched) return old;

        for (var i = 0; i < old.length; ++i) {
            var oldCur = old[i], stretchCur = stretched[i];
            if (oldCur && stretchCur) {
                spans: for (var j = 0; j < stretchCur.length; ++j) {
                    var span = stretchCur[j];
                    for (var k = 0; k < oldCur.length; ++k)
                        if (oldCur[k].marker == span.marker) continue spans;
                    oldCur.push(span);
                }
            } else if (stretchCur) {
                old[i] = stretchCur;
            }
        }
        return old;
    }

    // Used to 'clip' out readOnly ranges when making a change.
    function removeReadOnlyRanges(doc, from, to) {
        var markers = null;
        doc.iter(from.line, to.line + 1, function (line) {
            if (line.markedSpans) for (var i = 0; i < line.markedSpans.length; ++i) {
                var mark = line.markedSpans[i].marker;
                if (mark.readOnly && (!markers || indexOf(markers, mark) == -1))
                    (markers || (markers = [])).push(mark);
            }
        });
        if (!markers) return null;
        var parts = [{from: from, to: to}];
        for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; ++i) {
            var mk = markers[i], m = mk.find(0);
            for (var j = 0; j < parts.length; ++j) {
                var p = parts[j];
                if (cmp(p.to, m.from) < 0 || cmp(p.from, m.to) > 0) continue;
                var newParts = [j, 1], dfrom = cmp(p.from, m.from), dto = cmp(p.to, m.to);
                if (dfrom < 0 || !mk.inclusiveLeft && !dfrom)
                    newParts.push({from: p.from, to: m.from});
                if (dto > 0 || !mk.inclusiveRight && !dto)
                    newParts.push({from: m.to, to: p.to});
                parts.splice.apply(parts, newParts);
                j += newParts.length - 1;
            }
        }
        return parts;
    }

    // Connect or disconnect spans from a line.
    function detachMarkedSpans(line) {
        var spans = line.markedSpans;
        if (!spans) return;
        for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; ++i)
            spans[i].marker.detachLine(line);
        line.markedSpans = null;
    }

    function attachMarkedSpans(line, spans) {
        if (!spans) return;
        for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; ++i)
            spans[i].marker.attachLine(line);
        line.markedSpans = spans;
    }

    // Helpers used when computing which overlapping collapsed span
    // counts as the larger one.
    function extraLeft(marker) {
        return marker.inclusiveLeft ? -1 : 0;
    }

    function extraRight(marker) {
        return marker.inclusiveRight ? 1 : 0;
    }

    // Returns a number indicating which of two overlapping collapsed
    // spans is larger (and thus includes the other). Falls back to
    // comparing ids when the spans cover exactly the same range.
    function compareCollapsedMarkers(a, b) {
        var lenDiff = a.lines.length - b.lines.length;
        if (lenDiff != 0) return lenDiff;
        var aPos = a.find(), bPos = b.find();
        var fromCmp = cmp(aPos.from, bPos.from) || extraLeft(a) - extraLeft(b);
        if (fromCmp) return -fromCmp;
        var toCmp = cmp(aPos.to, bPos.to) || extraRight(a) - extraRight(b);
        if (toCmp) return toCmp;
        return b.id - a.id;
    }

    // Find out whether a line ends or starts in a collapsed span. If
    // so, return the marker for that span.
    function collapsedSpanAtSide(line, start) {
        var sps = sawCollapsedSpans && line.markedSpans, found;
        if (sps) for (var sp, i = 0; i < sps.length; ++i) {
            sp = sps[i];
            if (sp.marker.collapsed && (start ? sp.from : sp.to) == null &&
                (!found || compareCollapsedMarkers(found, sp.marker) < 0))
                found = sp.marker;
        }
        return found;
    }

    function collapsedSpanAtStart(line) {
        return collapsedSpanAtSide(line, true);
    }

    function collapsedSpanAtEnd(line) {
        return collapsedSpanAtSide(line, false);
    }

    // Test whether there exists a collapsed span that partially
    // overlaps (covers the start or end, but not both) of a new span.
    // Such overlap is not allowed.
    function conflictingCollapsedRange(doc, lineNo, from, to, marker) {
        var line = getLine(doc, lineNo);
        var sps = sawCollapsedSpans && line.markedSpans;
        if (sps) for (var i = 0; i < sps.length; ++i) {
            var sp = sps[i];
            if (!sp.marker.collapsed) continue;
            var found = sp.marker.find(0);
            var fromCmp = cmp(found.from, from) || extraLeft(sp.marker) - extraLeft(marker);
            var toCmp = cmp(found.to, to) || extraRight(sp.marker) - extraRight(marker);
            if (fromCmp >= 0 && toCmp <= 0 || fromCmp <= 0 && toCmp >= 0) continue;
            if (fromCmp <= 0 && (cmp(found.to, from) > 0 || (sp.marker.inclusiveRight && marker.inclusiveLeft)) ||
                fromCmp >= 0 && (cmp(found.from, to) < 0 || (sp.marker.inclusiveLeft && marker.inclusiveRight)))
                return true;
        }
    }

    // A visual line is a line as drawn on the screen. Folding, for
    // example, can cause multiple logical lines to appear on the same
    // visual line. This finds the start of the visual line that the
    // given line is part of (usually that is the line itself).
    function visualLine(line) {
        var merged;
        while (merged = collapsedSpanAtStart(line))
            line = merged.find(-1, true).line;
        return line;
    }

    // Returns an array of logical lines that continue the visual line
    // started by the argument, or undefined if there are no such lines.
    function visualLineContinued(line) {
        var merged, lines;
        while (merged = collapsedSpanAtEnd(line)) {
            line = merged.find(1, true).line;
            (lines || (lines = [])).push(line);
        }
        return lines;
    }

    // Get the line number of the start of the visual line that the
    // given line number is part of.
    function visualLineNo(doc, lineN) {
        var line = getLine(doc, lineN), vis = visualLine(line);
        if (line == vis) return lineN;
        return lineNo(vis);
    }

    // Get the line number of the start of the next visual line after
    // the given line.
    function visualLineEndNo(doc, lineN) {
        if (lineN > doc.lastLine()) return lineN;
        var line = getLine(doc, lineN), merged;
        if (!lineIsHidden(doc, line)) return lineN;
        while (merged = collapsedSpanAtEnd(line))
            line = merged.find(1, true).line;
        return lineNo(line) + 1;
    }

    // Compute whether a line is hidden. Lines count as hidden when they
    // are part of a visual line that starts with another line, or when
    // they are entirely covered by collapsed, non-widget span.
    function lineIsHidden(doc, line) {
        var sps = sawCollapsedSpans && line.markedSpans;
        if (sps) for (var sp, i = 0; i < sps.length; ++i) {
            sp = sps[i];
            if (!sp.marker.collapsed) continue;
            if (sp.from == null) return true;
            if (sp.marker.widgetNode) continue;
            if (sp.from == 0 && sp.marker.inclusiveLeft && lineIsHiddenInner(doc, line, sp))
                return true;
        }
    }

    function lineIsHiddenInner(doc, line, span) {
        if (span.to == null) {
            var end = span.marker.find(1, true);
            return lineIsHiddenInner(doc, end.line, getMarkedSpanFor(end.line.markedSpans, span.marker));
        }
        if (span.marker.inclusiveRight && span.to == line.text.length)
            return true;
        for (var sp, i = 0; i < line.markedSpans.length; ++i) {
            sp = line.markedSpans[i];
            if (sp.marker.collapsed && !sp.marker.widgetNode && sp.from == span.to &&
                (sp.to == null || sp.to != span.from) &&
                (sp.marker.inclusiveLeft || span.marker.inclusiveRight) &&
                lineIsHiddenInner(doc, line, sp)) return true;
        }
    }

    // LINE WIDGETS

    // Line widgets are block elements displayed above or below a line.

    var LineWidget = CodeMirror.LineWidget = function (cm, node, options) {
        if (options) for (var opt in options) if (options.hasOwnProperty(opt))
            this[opt] = options[opt];
        this.cm = cm;
        this.node = node;
    };
    eventMixin(LineWidget);

    function adjustScrollWhenAboveVisible(cm, line, diff) {
        if (heightAtLine(line) < ((cm.curOp && cm.curOp.scrollTop) || cm.doc.scrollTop))
            addToScrollPos(cm, null, diff);
    }

    LineWidget.prototype.clear = function () {
        var cm = this.cm, ws = this.line.widgets, line = this.line, no = lineNo(line);
        if (no == null || !ws) return;
        for (var i = 0; i < ws.length; ++i) if (ws[i] == this) ws.splice(i--, 1);
        if (!ws.length) line.widgets = null;
        var height = widgetHeight(this);
        runInOp(cm, function () {
            adjustScrollWhenAboveVisible(cm, line, -height);
            regLineChange(cm, no, "widget");
            updateLineHeight(line, Math.max(0, line.height - height));
        });
    };
    LineWidget.prototype.changed = function () {
        var oldH = this.height, cm = this.cm, line = this.line;
        this.height = null;
        var diff = widgetHeight(this) - oldH;
        if (!diff) return;
        runInOp(cm, function () {
            cm.curOp.forceUpdate = true;
            adjustScrollWhenAboveVisible(cm, line, diff);
            updateLineHeight(line, line.height + diff);
        });
    };

    function widgetHeight(widget) {
        if (widget.height != null) return widget.height;
        if (!contains(document.body, widget.node)) {
            var parentStyle = "position: relative;";
            if (widget.coverGutter)
                parentStyle += "margin-left: -" + widget.cm.getGutterElement().offsetWidth + "px;";
            removeChildrenAndAdd(widget.cm.display.measure, elt("div", [widget.node], null, parentStyle));
        }
        return widget.height = widget.node.offsetHeight;
    }

    function addLineWidget(cm, handle, node, options) {
        var widget = new LineWidget(cm, node, options);
        if (widget.noHScroll) cm.display.alignWidgets = true;
        changeLine(cm.doc, handle, "widget", function (line) {
            var widgets = line.widgets || (line.widgets = []);
            if (widget.insertAt == null) widgets.push(widget);
            else widgets.splice(Math.min(widgets.length - 1, Math.max(0, widget.insertAt)), 0, widget);
            widget.line = line;
            if (!lineIsHidden(cm.doc, line)) {
                var aboveVisible = heightAtLine(line) < cm.doc.scrollTop;
                updateLineHeight(line, line.height + widgetHeight(widget));
                if (aboveVisible) addToScrollPos(cm, null, widget.height);
                cm.curOp.forceUpdate = true;
            }
            return true;
        });
        return widget;
    }

    // LINE DATA STRUCTURE

    // Line objects. These hold state related to a line, including
    // highlighting info (the styles array).
    var Line = CodeMirror.Line = function (text, markedSpans, estimateHeight) {
        this.text = text;
        attachMarkedSpans(this, markedSpans);
        this.height = estimateHeight ? estimateHeight(this) : 1;
    };
    eventMixin(Line);
    Line.prototype.lineNo = function () {
        return lineNo(this);
    };

    // Change the content (text, markers) of a line. Automatically
    // invalidates cached information and tries to re-estimate the
    // line's height.
    function updateLine(line, text, markedSpans, estimateHeight) {
        line.text = text;
        if (line.stateAfter) line.stateAfter = null;
        if (line.styles) line.styles = null;
        if (line.order != null) line.order = null;
        detachMarkedSpans(line);
        attachMarkedSpans(line, markedSpans);
        var estHeight = estimateHeight ? estimateHeight(line) : 1;
        if (estHeight != line.height) updateLineHeight(line, estHeight);
    }

    // Detach a line from the document tree and its markers.
    function cleanUpLine(line) {
        line.parent = null;
        detachMarkedSpans(line);
    }

    function extractLineClasses(type, output) {
        if (type) for (; ;) {
            var lineClass = type.match(/(?:^|\s+)line-(background-)?(\S+)/);
            if (!lineClass) break;
            type = type.slice(0, lineClass.index) + type.slice(lineClass.index + lineClass[0].length);
            var prop = lineClass[1] ? "bgClass" : "textClass";
            if (output[prop] == null)
                output[prop] = lineClass[2];
            else if (!(new RegExp("(?:^|\s)" + lineClass[2] + "(?:$|\s)")).test(output[prop]))
                output[prop] += " " + lineClass[2];
        }
        return type;
    }

    function callBlankLine(mode, state) {
        if (mode.blankLine) return mode.blankLine(state);
        if (!mode.innerMode) return;
        var inner = CodeMirror.innerMode(mode, state);
        if (inner.mode.blankLine) return inner.mode.blankLine(inner.state);
    }

    function readToken(mode, stream, state) {
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            var style = mode.token(stream, state);
            if (stream.pos > stream.start) return style;
        }
        throw new Error("Mode " + mode.name + " failed to advance stream.");
    }

    // Run the given mode's parser over a line, calling f for each token.
    function runMode(cm, text, mode, state, f, lineClasses, forceToEnd) {
        var flattenSpans = mode.flattenSpans;
        if (flattenSpans == null) flattenSpans = cm.options.flattenSpans;
        var curStart = 0, curStyle = null;
        var stream = new StringStream(text, cm.options.tabSize), style;
        if (text == "") extractLineClasses(callBlankLine(mode, state), lineClasses);
        while (!stream.eol()) {
            if (stream.pos > cm.options.maxHighlightLength) {
                flattenSpans = false;
                if (forceToEnd) processLine(cm, text, state, stream.pos);
                stream.pos = text.length;
                style = null;
            } else {
                style = extractLineClasses(readToken(mode, stream, state), lineClasses);
            }
            if (cm.options.addModeClass) {
                var mName = CodeMirror.innerMode(mode, state).mode.name;
                if (mName) style = "m-" + (style ? mName + " " + style : mName);
            }
            if (!flattenSpans || curStyle != style) {
                if (curStart < stream.start) f(stream.start, curStyle);
                curStart = stream.start;
                curStyle = style;
            }
            stream.start = stream.pos;
        }
        while (curStart < stream.pos) {
            // Webkit seems to refuse to render text nodes longer than 57444 characters
            var pos = Math.min(stream.pos, curStart + 50000);
            f(pos, curStyle);
            curStart = pos;
        }
    }

    // Compute a style array (an array starting with a mode generation
    // -- for invalidation -- followed by pairs of end positions and
    // style strings), which is used to highlight the tokens on the
    // line.
    function highlightLine(cm, line, state, forceToEnd) {
        // A styles array always starts with a number identifying the
        // mode/overlays that it is based on (for easy invalidation).
        var st = [cm.state.modeGen], lineClasses = {};
        // Compute the base array of styles
        runMode(cm, line.text, cm.doc.mode, state, function (end, style) {
            st.push(end, style);
        }, lineClasses, forceToEnd);

        // Run overlays, adjust style array.
        for (var o = 0; o < cm.state.overlays.length; ++o) {
            var overlay = cm.state.overlays[o], i = 1, at = 0;
            runMode(cm, line.text, overlay.mode, true, function (end, style) {
                var start = i;
                // Ensure there's a token end at the current position, and that i points at it
                while (at < end) {
                    var i_end = st[i];
                    if (i_end > end)
                        st.splice(i, 1, end, st[i + 1], i_end);
                    i += 2;
                    at = Math.min(end, i_end);
                }
                if (!style) return;
                if (overlay.opaque) {
                    st.splice(start, i - start, end, "cm-overlay " + style);
                    i = start + 2;
                } else {
                    for (; start < i; start += 2) {
                        var cur = st[start + 1];
                        st[start + 1] = (cur ? cur + " " : "") + "cm-overlay " + style;
                    }
                }
            }, lineClasses);
        }

        return {styles: st, classes: lineClasses.bgClass || lineClasses.textClass ? lineClasses : null};
    }

    function getLineStyles(cm, line) {
        if (!line.styles || line.styles[0] != cm.state.modeGen) {
            var result = highlightLine(cm, line, line.stateAfter = getStateBefore(cm, lineNo(line)));
            line.styles = result.styles;
            if (result.classes) line.styleClasses = result.classes;
            else if (line.styleClasses) line.styleClasses = null;
        }
        return line.styles;
    }

    // Lightweight form of highlight -- proceed over this line and
    // update state, but don't save a style array. Used for lines that
    // aren't currently visible.
    function processLine(cm, text, state, startAt) {
        var mode = cm.doc.mode;
        var stream = new StringStream(text, cm.options.tabSize);
        stream.start = stream.pos = startAt || 0;
        if (text == "") callBlankLine(mode, state);
        while (!stream.eol() && stream.pos <= cm.options.maxHighlightLength) {
            readToken(mode, stream, state);
            stream.start = stream.pos;
        }
    }

    // Convert a style as returned by a mode (either null, or a string
    // containing one or more styles) to a CSS style. This is cached,
    // and also looks for line-wide styles.
    var styleToClassCache = {}, styleToClassCacheWithMode = {};

    function interpretTokenStyle(style, options) {
        if (!style || /^\s*$/.test(style)) return null;
        var cache = options.addModeClass ? styleToClassCacheWithMode : styleToClassCache;
        return cache[style] ||
            (cache[style] = style.replace(/\S+/g, "cm-$&"));
    }

    // Render the DOM representation of the text of a line. Also builds
    // up a 'line map', which points at the DOM nodes that represent
    // specific stretches of text, and is used by the measuring code.
    // The returned object contains the DOM node, this map, and
    // information about line-wide styles that were set by the mode.
    function buildLineContent(cm, lineView) {
        // The padding-right forces the element to have a 'border', which
        // is needed on Webkit to be able to get line-level bounding
        // rectangles for it (in measureChar).
        var content = elt("span", null, null, webkit ? "padding-right: .1px" : null);
        var builder = {pre: elt("pre", [content]), content: content, col: 0, pos: 0, cm: cm};
        lineView.measure = {};

        // Iterate over the logical lines that make up this visual line.
        for (var i = 0; i <= (lineView.rest ? lineView.rest.length : 0); i++) {
            var line = i ? lineView.rest[i - 1] : lineView.line, order;
            builder.pos = 0;
            builder.addToken = buildToken;
            // Optionally wire in some hacks into the token-rendering
            // algorithm, to deal with browser quirks.
            if ((ie || webkit) && cm.getOption("lineWrapping"))
                builder.addToken = buildTokenSplitSpaces(builder.addToken);
            if (hasBadBidiRects(cm.display.measure) && (order = getOrder(line)))
                builder.addToken = buildTokenBadBidi(builder.addToken, order);
            builder.map = [];
            insertLineContent(line, builder, getLineStyles(cm, line));
            if (line.styleClasses) {
                if (line.styleClasses.bgClass)
                    builder.bgClass = joinClasses(line.styleClasses.bgClass, builder.bgClass || "");
                if (line.styleClasses.textClass)
                    builder.textClass = joinClasses(line.styleClasses.textClass, builder.textClass || "");
            }

            // Ensure at least a single node is present, for measuring.
            if (builder.map.length == 0)
                builder.map.push(0, 0, builder.content.appendChild(zeroWidthElement(cm.display.measure)));

            // Store the map and a cache object for the current logical line
            if (i == 0) {
                lineView.measure.map = builder.map;
                lineView.measure.cache = {};
            } else {
                (lineView.measure.maps || (lineView.measure.maps = [])).push(builder.map);
                (lineView.measure.caches || (lineView.measure.caches = [])).push({});
            }
        }

        signal(cm, "renderLine", cm, lineView.line, builder.pre);
        if (builder.pre.className)
            builder.textClass = joinClasses(builder.pre.className, builder.textClass || "");
        return builder;
    }

    function defaultSpecialCharPlaceholder(ch) {
        var token = elt("span", "\u2022", "cm-invalidchar");
        token.title = "\\u" + ch.charCodeAt(0).toString(16);
        return token;
    }

    // Build up the DOM representation for a single token, and add it to
    // the line map. Takes care to render special characters separately.
    function buildToken(builder, text, style, startStyle, endStyle, title) {
        if (!text) return;
        var special = builder.cm.options.specialChars, mustWrap = false;
        if (!special.test(text)) {
            builder.col += text.length;
            var content = document.createTextNode(text);
            builder.map.push(builder.pos, builder.pos + text.length, content);
            if (ie && ie_version < 9) mustWrap = true;
            builder.pos += text.length;
        } else {
            var content = document.createDocumentFragment(), pos = 0;
            while (true) {
                special.lastIndex = pos;
                var m = special.exec(text);
                var skipped = m ? m.index - pos : text.length - pos;
                if (skipped) {
                    var txt = document.createTextNode(text.slice(pos, pos + skipped));
                    if (ie && ie_version < 9) content.appendChild(elt("span", [txt]));
                    else content.appendChild(txt);
                    builder.map.push(builder.pos, builder.pos + skipped, txt);
                    builder.col += skipped;
                    builder.pos += skipped;
                }
                if (!m) break;
                pos += skipped + 1;
                if (m[0] == "\t") {
                    var tabSize = builder.cm.options.tabSize, tabWidth = tabSize - builder.col % tabSize;
                    var txt = content.appendChild(elt("span", spaceStr(tabWidth), "cm-tab"));
                    builder.col += tabWidth;
                } else {
                    var txt = builder.cm.options.specialCharPlaceholder(m[0]);
                    if (ie && ie_version < 9) content.appendChild(elt("span", [txt]));
                    else content.appendChild(txt);
                    builder.col += 1;
                }
                builder.map.push(builder.pos, builder.pos + 1, txt);
                builder.pos++;
            }
        }
        if (style || startStyle || endStyle || mustWrap) {
            var fullStyle = style || "";
            if (startStyle) fullStyle += startStyle;
            if (endStyle) fullStyle += endStyle;
            var token = elt("span", [content], fullStyle);
            if (title) token.title = title;
            return builder.content.appendChild(token);
        }
        builder.content.appendChild(content);
    }

    function buildTokenSplitSpaces(inner) {
        function split(old) {
            var out = " ";
            for (var i = 0; i < old.length - 2; ++i) out += i % 2 ? " " : "\u00a0";
            out += " ";
            return out;
        }

        return function (builder, text, style, startStyle, endStyle, title) {
            inner(builder, text.replace(/ {3,}/g, split), style, startStyle, endStyle, title);
        };
    }

    // Work around nonsense dimensions being reported for stretches of
    // right-to-left text.
    function buildTokenBadBidi(inner, order) {
        return function (builder, text, style, startStyle, endStyle, title) {
            style = style ? style + " cm-force-border" : "cm-force-border";
            var start = builder.pos, end = start + text.length;
            for (; ;) {
                // Find the part that overlaps with the start of this text
                for (var i = 0; i < order.length; i++) {
                    var part = order[i];
                    if (part.to > start && part.from <= start) break;
                }
                if (part.to >= end) return inner(builder, text, style, startStyle, endStyle, title);
                inner(builder, text.slice(0, part.to - start), style, startStyle, null, title);
                startStyle = null;
                text = text.slice(part.to - start);
                start = part.to;
            }
        };
    }

    function buildCollapsedSpan(builder, size, marker, ignoreWidget) {
        var widget = !ignoreWidget && marker.widgetNode;
        if (widget) {
            builder.map.push(builder.pos, builder.pos + size, widget);
            builder.content.appendChild(widget);
        }
        builder.pos += size;
    }

    // Outputs a number of spans to make up a line, taking highlighting
    // and marked text into account.
    function insertLineContent(line, builder, styles) {
        var spans = line.markedSpans, allText = line.text, at = 0;
        if (!spans) {
            for (var i = 1; i < styles.length; i += 2)
                builder.addToken(builder, allText.slice(at, at = styles[i]), interpretTokenStyle(styles[i + 1], builder.cm.options));
            return;
        }

        var len = allText.length, pos = 0, i = 1, text = "", style;
        var nextChange = 0, spanStyle, spanEndStyle, spanStartStyle, title, collapsed;
        for (; ;) {
            if (nextChange == pos) { // Update current marker set
                spanStyle = spanEndStyle = spanStartStyle = title = "";
                collapsed = null;
                nextChange = Infinity;
                var foundBookmarks = [];
                for (var j = 0; j < spans.length; ++j) {
                    var sp = spans[j], m = sp.marker;
                    if (sp.from <= pos && (sp.to == null || sp.to > pos)) {
                        if (sp.to != null && nextChange > sp.to) {
                            nextChange = sp.to;
                            spanEndStyle = "";
                        }
                        if (m.className) spanStyle += " " + m.className;
                        if (m.startStyle && sp.from == pos) spanStartStyle += " " + m.startStyle;
                        if (m.endStyle && sp.to == nextChange) spanEndStyle += " " + m.endStyle;
                        if (m.title && !title) title = m.title;
                        if (m.collapsed && (!collapsed || compareCollapsedMarkers(collapsed.marker, m) < 0))
                            collapsed = sp;
                    } else if (sp.from > pos && nextChange > sp.from) {
                        nextChange = sp.from;
                    }
                    if (m.type == "bookmark" && sp.from == pos && m.widgetNode) foundBookmarks.push(m);
                }
                if (collapsed && (collapsed.from || 0) == pos) {
                    buildCollapsedSpan(builder, (collapsed.to == null ? len + 1 : collapsed.to) - pos,
                        collapsed.marker, collapsed.from == null);
                    if (collapsed.to == null) return;
                }
                if (!collapsed && foundBookmarks.length) for (var j = 0; j < foundBookmarks.length; ++j)
                    buildCollapsedSpan(builder, 0, foundBookmarks[j]);
            }
            if (pos >= len) break;

            var upto = Math.min(len, nextChange);
            while (true) {
                if (text) {
                    var end = pos + text.length;
                    if (!collapsed) {
                        var tokenText = end > upto ? text.slice(0, upto - pos) : text;
                        builder.addToken(builder, tokenText, style ? style + spanStyle : spanStyle,
                            spanStartStyle, pos + tokenText.length == nextChange ? spanEndStyle : "", title);
                    }
                    if (end >= upto) {
                        text = text.slice(upto - pos);
                        pos = upto;
                        break;
                    }
                    pos = end;
                    spanStartStyle = "";
                }
                text = allText.slice(at, at = styles[i++]);
                style = interpretTokenStyle(styles[i++], builder.cm.options);
            }
        }
    }

    // DOCUMENT DATA STRUCTURE

    // By default, updates that start and end at the beginning of a line
    // are treated specially, in order to make the association of line
    // widgets and marker elements with the text behave more intuitive.
    function isWholeLineUpdate(doc, change) {
        return change.from.ch == 0 && change.to.ch == 0 && lst(change.text) == "" &&
            (!doc.cm || doc.cm.options.wholeLineUpdateBefore);
    }

    // Perform a change on the document data structure.
    function updateDoc(doc, change, markedSpans, estimateHeight) {
        function spansFor(n) {
            return markedSpans ? markedSpans[n] : null;
        }

        function update(line, text, spans) {
            updateLine(line, text, spans, estimateHeight);
            signalLater(line, "change", line, change);
        }

        var from = change.from, to = change.to, text = change.text;
        var firstLine = getLine(doc, from.line), lastLine = getLine(doc, to.line);
        var lastText = lst(text), lastSpans = spansFor(text.length - 1), nlines = to.line - from.line;

        // Adjust the line structure
        if (isWholeLineUpdate(doc, change)) {
            // This is a whole-line replace. Treated specially to make
            // sure line objects move the way they are supposed to.
            for (var i = 0, added = []; i < text.length - 1; ++i)
                added.push(new Line(text[i], spansFor(i), estimateHeight));
            update(lastLine, lastLine.text, lastSpans);
            if (nlines) doc.remove(from.line, nlines);
            if (added.length) doc.insert(from.line, added);
        } else if (firstLine == lastLine) {
            if (text.length == 1) {
                update(firstLine, firstLine.text.slice(0, from.ch) + lastText + firstLine.text.slice(to.ch), lastSpans);
            } else {
                for (var added = [], i = 1; i < text.length - 1; ++i)
                    added.push(new Line(text[i], spansFor(i), estimateHeight));
                added.push(new Line(lastText + firstLine.text.slice(to.ch), lastSpans, estimateHeight));
                update(firstLine, firstLine.text.slice(0, from.ch) + text[0], spansFor(0));
                doc.insert(from.line + 1, added);
            }
        } else if (text.length == 1) {
            update(firstLine, firstLine.text.slice(0, from.ch) + text[0] + lastLine.text.slice(to.ch), spansFor(0));
            doc.remove(from.line + 1, nlines);
        } else {
            update(firstLine, firstLine.text.slice(0, from.ch) + text[0], spansFor(0));
            update(lastLine, lastText + lastLine.text.slice(to.ch), lastSpans);
            for (var i = 1, added = []; i < text.length - 1; ++i)
                added.push(new Line(text[i], spansFor(i), estimateHeight));
            if (nlines > 1) doc.remove(from.line + 1, nlines - 1);
            doc.insert(from.line + 1, added);
        }

        signalLater(doc, "change", doc, change);
    }

    // The document is represented as a BTree consisting of leaves, with
    // chunk of lines in them, and branches, with up to ten leaves or
    // other branch nodes below them. The top node is always a branch
    // node, and is the document object itself (meaning it has
    // additional methods and properties).
    //
    // All nodes have parent links. The tree is used both to go from
    // line numbers to line objects, and to go from objects to numbers.
    // It also indexes by height, and is used to convert between height
    // and line object, and to find the total height of the document.
    //
    // See also http://marijnhaverbeke.nl/blog/codemirror-line-tree.html

    function LeafChunk(lines) {
        this.lines = lines;
        this.parent = null;
        for (var i = 0, height = 0; i < lines.length; ++i) {
            lines[i].parent = this;
            height += lines[i].height;
        }
        this.height = height;
    }

    LeafChunk.prototype = {
        chunkSize: function () {
            return this.lines.length;
        },
        // Remove the n lines at offset 'at'.
        removeInner: function (at, n) {
            for (var i = at, e = at + n; i < e; ++i) {
                var line = this.lines[i];
                this.height -= line.height;
                cleanUpLine(line);
                signalLater(line, "delete");
            }
            this.lines.splice(at, n);
        },
        // Helper used to collapse a small branch into a single leaf.
        collapse: function (lines) {
            lines.push.apply(lines, this.lines);
        },
        // Insert the given array of lines at offset 'at', count them as
        // having the given height.
        insertInner: function (at, lines, height) {
            this.height += height;
            this.lines = this.lines.slice(0, at).concat(lines).concat(this.lines.slice(at));
            for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; ++i) lines[i].parent = this;
        },
        // Used to iterate over a part of the tree.
        iterN: function (at, n, op) {
            for (var e = at + n; at < e; ++at)
                if (op(this.lines[at])) return true;
        }
    };

    function BranchChunk(children) {
        this.children = children;
        var size = 0, height = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < children.length; ++i) {
            var ch = children[i];
            size += ch.chunkSize();
            height += ch.height;
            ch.parent = this;
        }
        this.size = size;
        this.height = height;
        this.parent = null;
    }

    BranchChunk.prototype = {
        chunkSize: function () {
            return this.size;
        },
        removeInner: function (at, n) {
            this.size -= n;
            for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; ++i) {
                var child = this.children[i], sz = child.chunkSize();
                if (at < sz) {
                    var rm = Math.min(n, sz - at), oldHeight = child.height;
                    child.removeInner(at, rm);
                    this.height -= oldHeight - child.height;
                    if (sz == rm) {
                        this.children.splice(i--, 1);
                        child.parent = null;
                    }
                    if ((n -= rm) == 0) break;
                    at = 0;
                } else at -= sz;
            }
            // If the result is smaller than 25 lines, ensure that it is a
            // single leaf node.
            if (this.size - n < 25 &&
                (this.children.length > 1 || !(this.children[0] instanceof LeafChunk))) {
                var lines = [];
                this.collapse(lines);
                this.children = [new LeafChunk(lines)];
                this.children[0].parent = this;
            }
        },
        collapse: function (lines) {
            for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; ++i) this.children[i].collapse(lines);
        },
        insertInner: function (at, lines, height) {
            this.size += lines.length;
            this.height += height;
            for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; ++i) {
                var child = this.children[i], sz = child.chunkSize();
                if (at <= sz) {
                    child.insertInner(at, lines, height);
                    if (child.lines && child.lines.length > 50) {
                        while (child.lines.length > 50) {
                            var spilled = child.lines.splice(child.lines.length - 25, 25);
                            var newleaf = new LeafChunk(spilled);
                            child.height -= newleaf.height;
                            this.children.splice(i + 1, 0, newleaf);
                            newleaf.parent = this;
                        }
                        this.maybeSpill();
                    }
                    break;
                }
                at -= sz;
            }
        },
        // When a node has grown, check whether it should be split.
        maybeSpill: function () {
            if (this.children.length <= 10) return;
            var me = this;
            do {
                var spilled = me.children.splice(me.children.length - 5, 5);
                var sibling = new BranchChunk(spilled);
                if (!me.parent) { // Become the parent node
                    var copy = new BranchChunk(me.children);
                    copy.parent = me;
                    me.children = [copy, sibling];
                    me = copy;
                } else {
                    me.size -= sibling.size;
                    me.height -= sibling.height;
                    var myIndex = indexOf(me.parent.children, me);
                    me.parent.children.splice(myIndex + 1, 0, sibling);
                }
                sibling.parent = me.parent;
            } while (me.children.length > 10);
            me.parent.maybeSpill();
        },
        iterN: function (at, n, op) {
            for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; ++i) {
                var child = this.children[i], sz = child.chunkSize();
                if (at < sz) {
                    var used = Math.min(n, sz - at);
                    if (child.iterN(at, used, op)) return true;
                    if ((n -= used) == 0) break;
                    at = 0;
                } else at -= sz;
            }
        }
    };

    var nextDocId = 0;
    var Doc = CodeMirror.Doc = function (text, mode, firstLine) {
        if (!(this instanceof Doc)) return new Doc(text, mode, firstLine);
        if (firstLine == null) firstLine = 0;

        BranchChunk.call(this, [new LeafChunk([new Line("", null)])]);
        this.first = firstLine;
        this.scrollTop = this.scrollLeft = 0;
        this.cantEdit = false;
        this.cleanGeneration = 1;
        this.frontier = firstLine;
        var start = Pos(firstLine, 0);
        this.sel = simpleSelection(start);
        this.history = new History(null);
        this.id = ++nextDocId;
        this.modeOption = mode;

        if (typeof text == "string") text = splitLines(text);
        updateDoc(this, {from: start, to: start, text: text});
        setSelection(this, simpleSelection(start), sel_dontScroll);
    };

    Doc.prototype = createObj(BranchChunk.prototype, {
        constructor: Doc,
        // Iterate over the document. Supports two forms -- with only one
        // argument, it calls that for each line in the document. With
        // three, it iterates over the range given by the first two (with
        // the second being non-inclusive).
        iter: function (from, to, op) {
            if (op) this.iterN(from - this.first, to - from, op);
            else this.iterN(this.first, this.first + this.size, from);
        },

        // Non-public interface for adding and removing lines.
        insert: function (at, lines) {
            var height = 0;
            for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; ++i) height += lines[i].height;
            this.insertInner(at - this.first, lines, height);
        },
        remove: function (at, n) {
            this.removeInner(at - this.first, n);
        },

        // From here, the methods are part of the public interface. Most
        // are also available from CodeMirror (editor) instances.

        getValue: function (lineSep) {
            var lines = getLines(this, this.first, this.first + this.size);
            if (lineSep === false) return lines;
            return lines.join(lineSep || "\n");
        },
        setValue: docMethodOp(function (code) {
            var top = Pos(this.first, 0), last = this.first + this.size - 1;
            makeChange(this, {
                from: top, to: Pos(last, getLine(this, last).text.length),
                text: splitLines(code), origin: "setValue"
            }, true);
            setSelection(this, simpleSelection(top));
        }),
        replaceRange: function (code, from, to, origin) {
            from = clipPos(this, from);
            to = to ? clipPos(this, to) : from;
            replaceRange(this, code, from, to, origin);
        },
        getRange: function (from, to, lineSep) {
            var lines = getBetween(this, clipPos(this, from), clipPos(this, to));
            if (lineSep === false) return lines;
            return lines.join(lineSep || "\n");
        },

        getLine: function (line) {
            var l = this.getLineHandle(line);
            return l && l.text;
        },

        getLineHandle: function (line) {
            if (isLine(this, line)) return getLine(this, line);
        },
        getLineNumber: function (line) {
            return lineNo(line);
        },

        getLineHandleVisualStart: function (line) {
            if (typeof line == "number") line = getLine(this, line);
            return visualLine(line);
        },

        lineCount: function () {
            return this.size;
        },
        firstLine: function () {
            return this.first;
        },
        lastLine: function () {
            return this.first + this.size - 1;
        },

        clipPos: function (pos) {
            return clipPos(this, pos);
        },

        getCursor: function (start) {
            var range = this.sel.primary(), pos;
            if (start == null || start == "head") pos = range.head;
            else if (start == "anchor") pos = range.anchor;
            else if (start == "end" || start == "to" || start === false) pos = range.to();
            else pos = range.from();
            return pos;
        },
        listSelections: function () {
            return this.sel.ranges;
        },
        somethingSelected: function () {
            return this.sel.somethingSelected();
        },

        setCursor: docMethodOp(function (line, ch, options) {
            setSimpleSelection(this, clipPos(this, typeof line == "number" ? Pos(line, ch || 0) : line), null, options);
        }),
        setSelection: docMethodOp(function (anchor, head, options) {
            setSimpleSelection(this, clipPos(this, anchor), clipPos(this, head || anchor), options);
        }),
        extendSelection: docMethodOp(function (head, other, options) {
            extendSelection(this, clipPos(this, head), other && clipPos(this, other), options);
        }),
        extendSelections: docMethodOp(function (heads, options) {
            extendSelections(this, clipPosArray(this, heads, options));
        }),
        extendSelectionsBy: docMethodOp(function (f, options) {
            extendSelections(this, map(this.sel.ranges, f), options);
        }),
        setSelections: docMethodOp(function (ranges, primary, options) {
            if (!ranges.length) return;
            for (var i = 0, out = []; i < ranges.length; i++)
                out[i] = new Range(clipPos(this, ranges[i].anchor),
                    clipPos(this, ranges[i].head));
            if (primary == null) primary = Math.min(ranges.length - 1, this.sel.primIndex);
            setSelection(this, normalizeSelection(out, primary), options);
        }),
        addSelection: docMethodOp(function (anchor, head, options) {
            var ranges = this.sel.ranges.slice(0);
            ranges.push(new Range(clipPos(this, anchor), clipPos(this, head || anchor)));
            setSelection(this, normalizeSelection(ranges, ranges.length - 1), options);
        }),

        getSelection: function (lineSep) {
            var ranges = this.sel.ranges, lines;
            for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
                var sel = getBetween(this, ranges[i].from(), ranges[i].to());
                lines = lines ? lines.concat(sel) : sel;
            }
            if (lineSep === false) return lines;
            else return lines.join(lineSep || "\n");
        },
        getSelections: function (lineSep) {
            var parts = [], ranges = this.sel.ranges;
            for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
                var sel = getBetween(this, ranges[i].from(), ranges[i].to());
                if (lineSep !== false) sel = sel.join(lineSep || "\n");
                parts[i] = sel;
            }
            return parts;
        },
        replaceSelection: function (code, collapse, origin) {
            var dup = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < this.sel.ranges.length; i++)
                dup[i] = code;
            this.replaceSelections(dup, collapse, origin || "+input");
        },
        replaceSelections: docMethodOp(function (code, collapse, origin) {
            var changes = [], sel = this.sel;
            for (var i = 0; i < sel.ranges.length; i++) {
                var range = sel.ranges[i];
                changes[i] = {from: range.from(), to: range.to(), text: splitLines(code[i]), origin: origin};
            }
            var newSel = collapse && collapse != "end" && computeReplacedSel(this, changes, collapse);
            for (var i = changes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                makeChange(this, changes[i]);
            if (newSel) setSelectionReplaceHistory(this, newSel);
            else if (this.cm) ensureCursorVisible(this.cm);
        }),
        undo: docMethodOp(function () {
            makeChangeFromHistory(this, "undo");
        }),
        redo: docMethodOp(function () {
            makeChangeFromHistory(this, "redo");
        }),
        undoSelection: docMethodOp(function () {
            makeChangeFromHistory(this, "undo", true);
        }),
        redoSelection: docMethodOp(function () {
            makeChangeFromHistory(this, "redo", true);
        }),

        setExtending: function (val) {
            this.extend = val;
        },
        getExtending: function () {
            return this.extend;
        },

        historySize: function () {
            var hist = this.history, done = 0, undone = 0;
            for (var i = 0; i < hist.done.length; i++) if (!hist.done[i].ranges) ++done;
            for (var i = 0; i < hist.undone.length; i++) if (!hist.undone[i].ranges) ++undone;
            return {undo: done, redo: undone};
        },
        clearHistory: function () {
            this.history = new History(this.history.maxGeneration);
        },

        markClean: function () {
            this.cleanGeneration = this.changeGeneration(true);
        },
        changeGeneration: function (forceSplit) {
            if (forceSplit)
                this.history.lastOp = this.history.lastSelOp = this.history.lastOrigin = null;
            return this.history.generation;
        },
        isClean: function (gen) {
            return this.history.generation == (gen || this.cleanGeneration);
        },

        getHistory: function () {
            return {
                done: copyHistoryArray(this.history.done),
                undone: copyHistoryArray(this.history.undone)
            };
        },
        setHistory: function (histData) {
            var hist = this.history = new History(this.history.maxGeneration);
            hist.done = copyHistoryArray(histData.done.slice(0), null, true);
            hist.undone = copyHistoryArray(histData.undone.slice(0), null, true);
        },

        addLineClass: docMethodOp(function (handle, where, cls) {
            return changeLine(this, handle, "class", function (line) {
                var prop = where == "text" ? "textClass" : where == "background" ? "bgClass" : "wrapClass";
                if (!line[prop]) line[prop] = cls;
                else if (new RegExp("(?:^|\\s)" + cls + "(?:$|\\s)").test(line[prop])) return false;
                else line[prop] += " " + cls;
                return true;
            });
        }),
        removeLineClass: docMethodOp(function (handle, where, cls) {
            return changeLine(this, handle, "class", function (line) {
                var prop = where == "text" ? "textClass" : where == "background" ? "bgClass" : "wrapClass";
                var cur = line[prop];
                if (!cur) return false;
                else if (cls == null) line[prop] = null;
                else {
                    var found = cur.match(new RegExp("(?:^|\\s+)" + cls + "(?:$|\\s+)"));
                    if (!found) return false;
                    var end = found.index + found[0].length;
                    line[prop] = cur.slice(0, found.index) + (!found.index || end == cur.length ? "" : " ") + cur.slice(end) || null;
                }
                return true;
            });
        }),

        markText: function (from, to, options) {
            return markText(this, clipPos(this, from), clipPos(this, to), options, "range");
        },
        setBookmark: function (pos, options) {
            var realOpts = {
                replacedWith: options && (options.nodeType == null ? options.widget : options),
                insertLeft: options && options.insertLeft,
                clearWhenEmpty: false, shared: options && options.shared
            };
            pos = clipPos(this, pos);
            return markText(this, pos, pos, realOpts, "bookmark");
        },
        findMarksAt: function (pos) {
            pos = clipPos(this, pos);
            var markers = [], spans = getLine(this, pos.line).markedSpans;
            if (spans) for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; ++i) {
                var span = spans[i];
                if ((span.from == null || span.from <= pos.ch) &&
                    (span.to == null || span.to >= pos.ch))
                    markers.push(span.marker.parent || span.marker);
            }
            return markers;
        },
        findMarks: function (from, to, filter) {
            from = clipPos(this, from);
            to = clipPos(this, to);
            var found = [], lineNo = from.line;
            this.iter(from.line, to.line + 1, function (line) {
                var spans = line.markedSpans;
                if (spans) for (var i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
                    var span = spans[i];
                    if (!(lineNo == from.line && from.ch > span.to ||
                        span.from == null && lineNo != from.line ||
                        lineNo == to.line && span.from > to.ch) &&
                        (!filter || filter(span.marker)))
                        found.push(span.marker.parent || span.marker);
                }
                ++lineNo;
            });
            return found;
        },
        getAllMarks: function () {
            var markers = [];
            this.iter(function (line) {
                var sps = line.markedSpans;
                if (sps) for (var i = 0; i < sps.length; ++i)
                    if (sps[i].from != null) markers.push(sps[i].marker);
            });
            return markers;
        },

        posFromIndex: function (off) {
            var ch, lineNo = this.first;
            this.iter(function (line) {
                var sz = line.text.length + 1;
                if (sz > off) {
                    ch = off;
                    return true;
                }
                off -= sz;
                ++lineNo;
            });
            return clipPos(this, Pos(lineNo, ch));
        },
        indexFromPos: function (coords) {
            coords = clipPos(this, coords);
            var index = coords.ch;
            if (coords.line < this.first || coords.ch < 0) return 0;
            this.iter(this.first, coords.line, function (line) {
                index += line.text.length + 1;
            });
            return index;
        },

        copy: function (copyHistory) {
            var doc = new Doc(getLines(this, this.first, this.first + this.size), this.modeOption, this.first);
            doc.scrollTop = this.scrollTop;
            doc.scrollLeft = this.scrollLeft;
            doc.sel = this.sel;
            doc.extend = false;
            if (copyHistory) {
                doc.history.undoDepth = this.history.undoDepth;
                doc.setHistory(this.getHistory());
            }
            return doc;
        },

        linkedDoc: function (options) {
            if (!options) options = {};
            var from = this.first, to = this.first + this.size;
            if (options.from != null && options.from > from) from = options.from;
            if (options.to != null && options.to < to) to = options.to;
            var copy = new Doc(getLines(this, from, to), options.mode || this.modeOption, from);
            if (options.sharedHist) copy.history = this.history;
            (this.linked || (this.linked = [])).push({doc: copy, sharedHist: options.sharedHist});
            copy.linked = [{doc: this, isParent: true, sharedHist: options.sharedHist}];
            copySharedMarkers(copy, findSharedMarkers(this));
            return copy;
        },
        unlinkDoc: function (other) {
            if (other instanceof CodeMirror) other = other.doc;
            if (this.linked) for (var i = 0; i < this.linked.length; ++i) {
                var link = this.linked[i];
                if (link.doc != other) continue;
                this.linked.splice(i, 1);
                other.unlinkDoc(this);
                detachSharedMarkers(findSharedMarkers(this));
                break;
            }
            // If the histories were shared, split them again
            if (other.history == this.history) {
                var splitIds = [other.id];
                linkedDocs(other, function (doc) {
                    splitIds.push(doc.id);
                }, true);
                other.history = new History(null);
                other.history.done = copyHistoryArray(this.history.done, splitIds);
                other.history.undone = copyHistoryArray(this.history.undone, splitIds);
            }
        },
        iterLinkedDocs: function (f) {
            linkedDocs(this, f);
        },

        getMode: function () {
            return this.mode;
        },
        getEditor: function () {
            return this.cm;
        }
    });

    // Public alias.
    Doc.prototype.eachLine = Doc.prototype.iter;

    // Set up methods on CodeMirror's prototype to redirect to the editor's document.
    var dontDelegate = "iter insert remove copy getEditor".split(" ");
    for (var prop in Doc.prototype) if (Doc.prototype.hasOwnProperty(prop) && indexOf(dontDelegate, prop) < 0)
        CodeMirror.prototype[prop] = (function (method) {
            return function () {
                return method.apply(this.doc, arguments);
            };
        })(Doc.prototype[prop]);

    eventMixin(Doc);

    // Call f for all linked documents.
    function linkedDocs(doc, f, sharedHistOnly) {
        function propagate(doc, skip, sharedHist) {
            if (doc.linked) for (var i = 0; i < doc.linked.length; ++i) {
                var rel = doc.linked[i];
                if (rel.doc == skip) continue;
                var shared = sharedHist && rel.sharedHist;
                if (sharedHistOnly && !shared) continue;
                f(rel.doc, shared);
                propagate(rel.doc, doc, shared);
            }
        }

        propagate(doc, null, true);
    }

    // Attach a document to an editor.
    function attachDoc(cm, doc) {
        if (doc.cm) throw new Error("This document is already in use.");
        cm.doc = doc;
        doc.cm = cm;
        estimateLineHeights(cm);
        loadMode(cm);
        if (!cm.options.lineWrapping) findMaxLine(cm);
        cm.options.mode = doc.modeOption;
        regChange(cm);
    }

    // LINE UTILITIES

    // Find the line object corresponding to the given line number.
    function getLine(doc, n) {
        n -= doc.first;
        if (n < 0 || n >= doc.size) throw new Error("There is no line " + (n + doc.first) + " in the document.");
        for (var chunk = doc; !chunk.lines;) {
            for (var i = 0; ; ++i) {
                var child = chunk.children[i], sz = child.chunkSize();
                if (n < sz) {
                    chunk = child;
                    break;
                }
                n -= sz;
            }
        }
        return chunk.lines[n];
    }

    // Get the part of a document between two positions, as an array of
    // strings.
    function getBetween(doc, start, end) {
        var out = [], n = start.line;
        doc.iter(start.line, end.line + 1, function (line) {
            var text = line.text;
            if (n == end.line) text = text.slice(0, end.ch);
            if (n == start.line) text = text.slice(start.ch);
            out.push(text);
            ++n;
        });
        return out;
    }

    // Get the lines between from and to, as array of strings.
    function getLines(doc, from, to) {
        var out = [];
        doc.iter(from, to, function (line) {
            out.push(line.text);
        });
        return out;
    }

    // Update the height of a line, propagating the height change
    // upwards to parent nodes.
    function updateLineHeight(line, height) {
        var diff = height - line.height;
        if (diff) for (var n = line; n; n = n.parent) n.height += diff;
    }

    // Given a line object, find its line number by walking up through
    // its parent links.
    function lineNo(line) {
        if (line.parent == null) return null;
        var cur = line.parent, no = indexOf(cur.lines, line);
        for (var chunk = cur.parent; chunk; cur = chunk, chunk = chunk.parent) {
            for (var i = 0; ; ++i) {
                if (chunk.children[i] == cur) break;
                no += chunk.children[i].chunkSize();
            }
        }
        return no + cur.first;
    }

    // Find the line at the given vertical position, using the height
    // information in the document tree.
    function lineAtHeight(chunk, h) {
        var n = chunk.first;
        outer: do {
            for (var i = 0; i < chunk.children.length; ++i) {
                var child = chunk.children[i], ch = child.height;
                if (h < ch) {
                    chunk = child;
                    continue outer;
                }
                h -= ch;
                n += child.chunkSize();
            }
            return n;
        } while (!chunk.lines);
        for (var i = 0; i < chunk.lines.length; ++i) {
            var line = chunk.lines[i], lh = line.height;
            if (h < lh) break;
            h -= lh;
        }
        return n + i;
    }


    // Find the height above the given line.
    function heightAtLine(lineObj) {
        lineObj = visualLine(lineObj);

        var h = 0, chunk = lineObj.parent;
        for (var i = 0; i < chunk.lines.length; ++i) {
            var line = chunk.lines[i];
            if (line == lineObj) break;
            else h += line.height;
        }
        for (var p = chunk.parent; p; chunk = p, p = chunk.parent) {
            for (var i = 0; i < p.children.length; ++i) {
                var cur = p.children[i];
                if (cur == chunk) break;
                else h += cur.height;
            }
        }
        return h;
    }

    // Get the bidi ordering for the given line (and cache it). Returns
    // false for lines that are fully left-to-right, and an array of
    // BidiSpan objects otherwise.
    function getOrder(line) {
        var order = line.order;
        if (order == null) order = line.order = bidiOrdering(line.text);
        return order;
    }

    // HISTORY

    function History(startGen) {
        // Arrays of change events and selections. Doing something adds an
        // event to done and clears undo. Undoing moves events from done
        // to undone, redoing moves them in the other direction.
        this.done = [];
        this.undone = [];
        this.undoDepth = Infinity;
        // Used to track when changes can be merged into a single undo
        // event
        this.lastModTime = this.lastSelTime = 0;
        this.lastOp = this.lastSelOp = null;
        this.lastOrigin = this.lastSelOrigin = null;
        // Used by the isClean() method
        this.generation = this.maxGeneration = startGen || 1;
    }

    // Create a history change event from an updateDoc-style change
    // object.
    function historyChangeFromChange(doc, change) {
        var histChange = {
            from: copyPos(change.from),
            to: changeEnd(change),
            text: getBetween(doc, change.from, change.to)
        };
        attachLocalSpans(doc, histChange, change.from.line, change.to.line + 1);
        linkedDocs(doc, function (doc) {
            attachLocalSpans(doc, histChange, change.from.line, change.to.line + 1);
        }, true);
        return histChange;
    }

    // Pop all selection events off the end of a history array. Stop at
    // a change event.
    function clearSelectionEvents(array) {
        while (array.length) {
            var last = lst(array);
            if (last.ranges) array.pop();
            else break;
        }
    }

    // Find the top change event in the history. Pop off selection
    // events that are in the way.
    function lastChangeEvent(hist, force) {
        if (force) {
            clearSelectionEvents(hist.done);
            return lst(hist.done);
        } else if (hist.done.length && !lst(hist.done).ranges) {
            return lst(hist.done);
        } else if (hist.done.length > 1 && !hist.done[hist.done.length - 2].ranges) {
            hist.done.pop();
            return lst(hist.done);
        }
    }

    // Register a change in the history. Merges changes that are within
    // a single operation, ore are close together with an origin that
    // allows merging (starting with "+") into a single event.
    function addChangeToHistory(doc, change, selAfter, opId) {
        var hist = doc.history;
        hist.undone.length = 0;
        var time = +new Date, cur;

        if ((hist.lastOp == opId ||
            hist.lastOrigin == change.origin && change.origin &&
            ((change.origin.charAt(0) == "+" && doc.cm && hist.lastModTime > time - doc.cm.options.historyEventDelay) ||
                change.origin.charAt(0) == "*")) &&
            (cur = lastChangeEvent(hist, hist.lastOp == opId))) {
            // Merge this change into the last event
            var last = lst(cur.changes);
            if (cmp(change.from, change.to) == 0 && cmp(change.from, last.to) == 0) {
                // Optimized case for simple insertion -- don't want to add
                // new changesets for every character typed
                last.to = changeEnd(change);
            } else {
                // Add new sub-event
                cur.changes.push(historyChangeFromChange(doc, change));
            }
        } else {
            // Can not be merged, start a new event.
            var before = lst(hist.done);
            if (!before || !before.ranges)
                pushSelectionToHistory(doc.sel, hist.done);
            cur = {
                changes: [historyChangeFromChange(doc, change)],
                generation: hist.generation
            };
            hist.done.push(cur);
            while (hist.done.length > hist.undoDepth) {
                hist.done.shift();
                if (!hist.done[0].ranges) hist.done.shift();
            }
        }
        hist.done.push(selAfter);
        hist.generation = ++hist.maxGeneration;
        hist.lastModTime = hist.lastSelTime = time;
        hist.lastOp = hist.lastSelOp = opId;
        hist.lastOrigin = hist.lastSelOrigin = change.origin;

        if (!last) signal(doc, "historyAdded");
    }

    function selectionEventCanBeMerged(doc, origin, prev, sel) {
        var ch = origin.charAt(0);
        return ch == "*" ||
            ch == "+" &&
            prev.ranges.length == sel.ranges.length &&
            prev.somethingSelected() == sel.somethingSelected() &&
            new Date - doc.history.lastSelTime <= (doc.cm ? doc.cm.options.historyEventDelay : 500);
    }

    // Called whenever the selection changes, sets the new selection as
    // the pending selection in the history, and pushes the old pending
    // selection into the 'done' array when it was significantly
    // different (in number of selected ranges, emptiness, or time).
    function addSelectionToHistory(doc, sel, opId, options) {
        var hist = doc.history, origin = options && options.origin;

        // A new event is started when the previous origin does not match
        // the current, or the origins don't allow matching. Origins
        // starting with * are always merged, those starting with + are
        // merged when similar and close together in time.
        if (opId == hist.lastSelOp ||
            (origin && hist.lastSelOrigin == origin &&
                (hist.lastModTime == hist.lastSelTime && hist.lastOrigin == origin ||
                    selectionEventCanBeMerged(doc, origin, lst(hist.done), sel))))
            hist.done[hist.done.length - 1] = sel;
        else
            pushSelectionToHistory(sel, hist.done);

        hist.lastSelTime = +new Date;
        hist.lastSelOrigin = origin;
        hist.lastSelOp = opId;
        if (options && options.clearRedo !== false)
            clearSelectionEvents(hist.undone);
    }

    function pushSelectionToHistory(sel, dest) {
        var top = lst(dest);
        if (!(top && top.ranges && top.equals(sel)))
            dest.push(sel);
    }

    // Used to store marked span information in the history.
    function attachLocalSpans(doc, change, from, to) {
        var existing = change["spans_" + doc.id], n = 0;
        doc.iter(Math.max(doc.first, from), Math.min(doc.first + doc.size, to), function (line) {
            if (line.markedSpans)
                (existing || (existing = change["spans_" + doc.id] = {}))[n] = line.markedSpans;
            ++n;
        });
    }

    // When un/re-doing restores text containing marked spans, those
    // that have been explicitly cleared should not be restored.
    function removeClearedSpans(spans) {
        if (!spans) return null;
        for (var i = 0, out; i < spans.length; ++i) {
            if (spans[i].marker.explicitlyCleared) {
                if (!out) out = spans.slice(0, i);
            } else if (out) out.push(spans[i]);
        }
        return !out ? spans : out.length ? out : null;
    }

    // Retrieve and filter the old marked spans stored in a change event.
    function getOldSpans(doc, change) {
        var found = change["spans_" + doc.id];
        if (!found) return null;
        for (var i = 0, nw = []; i < change.text.length; ++i)
            nw.push(removeClearedSpans(found[i]));
        return nw;
    }

    // Used both to provide a JSON-safe object in .getHistory, and, when
    // detaching a document, to split the history in two
    function copyHistoryArray(events, newGroup, instantiateSel) {
        for (var i = 0, copy = []; i < events.length; ++i) {
            var event = events[i];
            if (event.ranges) {
                copy.push(instantiateSel ? Selection.prototype.deepCopy.call(event) : event);
                continue;
            }
            var changes = event.changes, newChanges = [];
            copy.push({changes: newChanges});
            for (var j = 0; j < changes.length; ++j) {
                var change = changes[j], m;
                newChanges.push({from: change.from, to: change.to, text: change.text});
                if (newGroup) for (var prop in change) if (m = prop.match(/^spans_(\d+)$/)) {
                    if (indexOf(newGroup, Number(m[1])) > -1) {
                        lst(newChanges)[prop] = change[prop];
                        delete change[prop];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return copy;
    }

    // Rebasing/resetting history to deal with externally-sourced changes

    function rebaseHistSelSingle(pos, from, to, diff) {
        if (to < pos.line) {
            pos.line += diff;
        } else if (from < pos.line) {
            pos.line = from;
            pos.ch = 0;
        }
    }

    // Tries to rebase an array of history events given a change in the
    // document. If the change touches the same lines as the event, the
    // event, and everything 'behind' it, is discarded. If the change is
    // before the event, the event's positions are updated. Uses a
    // copy-on-write scheme for the positions, to avoid having to
    // reallocate them all on every rebase, but also avoid problems with
    // shared position objects being unsafely updated.
    function rebaseHistArray(array, from, to, diff) {
        for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i) {
            var sub = array[i], ok = true;
            if (sub.ranges) {
                if (!sub.copied) {
                    sub = array[i] = sub.deepCopy();
                    sub.copied = true;
                }
                for (var j = 0; j < sub.ranges.length; j++) {
                    rebaseHistSelSingle(sub.ranges[j].anchor, from, to, diff);
                    rebaseHistSelSingle(sub.ranges[j].head, from, to, diff);
                }
                continue;
            }
            for (var j = 0; j < sub.changes.length; ++j) {
                var cur = sub.changes[j];
                if (to < cur.from.line) {
                    cur.from = Pos(cur.from.line + diff, cur.from.ch);
                    cur.to = Pos(cur.to.line + diff, cur.to.ch);
                } else if (from <= cur.to.line) {
                    ok = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!ok) {
                array.splice(0, i + 1);
                i = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    function rebaseHist(hist, change) {
        var from = change.from.line, to = change.to.line, diff = change.text.length - (to - from) - 1;
        rebaseHistArray(hist.done, from, to, diff);
        rebaseHistArray(hist.undone, from, to, diff);
    }

    // EVENT UTILITIES

    // Due to the fact that we still support jurassic IE versions, some
    // compatibility wrappers are needed.

    var e_preventDefault = CodeMirror.e_preventDefault = function (e) {
        if (e.preventDefault) e.preventDefault();
        else e.returnValue = false;
    };
    var e_stopPropagation = CodeMirror.e_stopPropagation = function (e) {
        if (e.stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation();
        else e.cancelBubble = true;
    };

    function e_defaultPrevented(e) {
        return e.defaultPrevented != null ? e.defaultPrevented : e.returnValue == false;
    }

    var e_stop = CodeMirror.e_stop = function (e) {
        e_preventDefault(e);
        e_stopPropagation(e);
    };

    function e_target(e) {
        return e.target || e.srcElement;
    }

    function e_button(e) {
        var b = e.which;
        if (b == null) {
            if (e.button & 1) b = 1;
            else if (e.button & 2) b = 3;
            else if (e.button & 4) b = 2;
        }
        if (mac && e.ctrlKey && b == 1) b = 3;
        return b;
    }

    // EVENT HANDLING

    // Lightweight event framework. on/off also work on DOM nodes,
    // registering native DOM handlers.

    var on = CodeMirror.on = function (emitter, type, f) {
        if (emitter.addEventListener)
            emitter.addEventListener(type, f, false);
        else if (emitter.attachEvent)
            emitter.attachEvent("on" + type, f);
        else {
            var map = emitter._handlers || (emitter._handlers = {});
            var arr = map[type] || (map[type] = []);
            arr.push(f);
        }
    };

    var off = CodeMirror.off = function (emitter, type, f) {
        if (emitter.removeEventListener)
            emitter.removeEventListener(type, f, false);
        else if (emitter.detachEvent)
            emitter.detachEvent("on" + type, f);
        else {
            var arr = emitter._handlers && emitter._handlers[type];
            if (!arr) return;
            for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i)
                if (arr[i] == f) {
                    arr.splice(i, 1);
                    break;
                }
        }
    };

    var signal = CodeMirror.signal = function (emitter, type /*, values...*/) {
        var arr = emitter._handlers && emitter._handlers[type];
        if (!arr) return;
        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i) arr[i].apply(null, args);
    };

    var orphanDelayedCallbacks = null;

    // Often, we want to signal events at a point where we are in the
    // middle of some work, but don't want the handler to start calling
    // other methods on the editor, which might be in an inconsistent
    // state or simply not expect any other events to happen.
    // signalLater looks whether there are any handlers, and schedules
    // them to be executed when the last operation ends, or, if no
    // operation is active, when a timeout fires.
    function signalLater(emitter, type /*, values...*/) {
        var arr = emitter._handlers && emitter._handlers[type];
        if (!arr) return;
        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2), list;
        if (operationGroup) {
            list = operationGroup.delayedCallbacks;
        } else if (orphanDelayedCallbacks) {
            list = orphanDelayedCallbacks;
        } else {
            list = orphanDelayedCallbacks = [];
            setTimeout(fireOrphanDelayed, 0);
        }

        function bnd(f) {
            return function () {
                f.apply(null, args);
            };
        };
        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i)
            list.push(bnd(arr[i]));
    }

    function fireOrphanDelayed() {
        var delayed = orphanDelayedCallbacks;
        orphanDelayedCallbacks = null;
        for (var i = 0; i < delayed.length; ++i) delayed[i]();
    }

    // The DOM events that CodeMirror handles can be overridden by
    // registering a (non-DOM) handler on the editor for the event name,
    // and preventDefault-ing the event in that handler.
    function signalDOMEvent(cm, e, override) {
        signal(cm, override || e.type, cm, e);
        return e_defaultPrevented(e) || e.codemirrorIgnore;
    }

    function signalCursorActivity(cm) {
        var arr = cm._handlers && cm._handlers.cursorActivity;
        if (!arr) return;
        var set = cm.curOp.cursorActivityHandlers || (cm.curOp.cursorActivityHandlers = []);
        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; ++i) if (indexOf(set, arr[i]) == -1)
            set.push(arr[i]);
    }

    function hasHandler(emitter, type) {
        var arr = emitter._handlers && emitter._handlers[type];
        return arr && arr.length > 0;
    }

    // Add on and off methods to a constructor's prototype, to make
    // registering events on such objects more convenient.
    function eventMixin(ctor) {
        ctor.prototype.on = function (type, f) {
            on(this, type, f);
        };
        ctor.prototype.off = function (type, f) {
            off(this, type, f);
        };
    }

    // MISC UTILITIES

    // Number of pixels added to scroller and sizer to hide scrollbar
    var scrollerCutOff = 30;

    // Returned or thrown by various protocols to signal 'I'm not
    // handling this'.
    var Pass = CodeMirror.Pass = {
        toString: function () {
            return "CodeMirror.Pass";
        }
    };

    // Reused option objects for setSelection & friends
    var sel_dontScroll = {scroll: false}, sel_mouse = {origin: "*mouse"}, sel_move = {origin: "+move"};

    function Delayed() {
        this.id = null;
    }

    Delayed.prototype.set = function (ms, f) {
        clearTimeout(this.id);
        this.id = setTimeout(f, ms);
    };

    // Counts the column offset in a string, taking tabs into account.
    // Used mostly to find indentation.
    var countColumn = CodeMirror.countColumn = function (string, end, tabSize, startIndex, startValue) {
        if (end == null) {
            end = string.search(/[^\s\u00a0]/);
            if (end == -1) end = string.length;
        }
        for (var i = startIndex || 0, n = startValue || 0; ;) {
            var nextTab = string.indexOf("\t", i);
            if (nextTab < 0 || nextTab >= end)
                return n + (end - i);
            n += nextTab - i;
            n += tabSize - (n % tabSize);
            i = nextTab + 1;
        }
    };

    // The inverse of countColumn -- find the offset that corresponds to
    // a particular column.
    function findColumn(string, goal, tabSize) {
        for (var pos = 0, col = 0; ;) {
            var nextTab = string.indexOf("\t", pos);
            if (nextTab == -1) nextTab = string.length;
            var skipped = nextTab - pos;
            if (nextTab == string.length || col + skipped >= goal)
                return pos + Math.min(skipped, goal - col);
            col += nextTab - pos;
            col += tabSize - (col % tabSize);
            pos = nextTab + 1;
            if (col >= goal) return pos;
        }
    }

    var spaceStrs = [""];

    function spaceStr(n) {
        while (spaceStrs.length <= n)
            spaceStrs.push(lst(spaceStrs) + " ");
        return spaceStrs[n];
    }

    function lst(arr) {
        return arr[arr.length - 1];
    }

    var selectInput = function (node) {
        node.select();
    };
    if (ios) // Mobile Safari apparently has a bug where select() is broken.
        selectInput = function (node) {
            node.selectionStart = 0;
            node.selectionEnd = node.value.length;
        };
    else if (ie) // Suppress mysterious IE10 errors
        selectInput = function (node) {
            try {
                node.select();
            } catch (_e) {
            }
        };

    function indexOf(array, elt) {
        for (var i = 0; i < array.length; ++i)
            if (array[i] == elt) return i;
        return -1;
    }

    if ([].indexOf) indexOf = function (array, elt) {
        return array.indexOf(elt);
    };

    function map(array, f) {
        var out = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) out[i] = f(array[i], i);
        return out;
    }

    if ([].map) map = function (array, f) {
        return array.map(f);
    };

    function createObj(base, props) {
        var inst;
        if (Object.create) {
            inst = Object.create(base);
        } else {
            var ctor = function () {
            };
            ctor.prototype = base;
            inst = new ctor();
        }
        if (props) copyObj(props, inst);
        return inst;
    };

    function copyObj(obj, target, overwrite) {
        if (!target) target = {};
        for (var prop in obj)
            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop) && (overwrite !== false || !target.hasOwnProperty(prop)))
                target[prop] = obj[prop];
        return target;
    }

    function bind(f) {
        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
        return function () {
            return f.apply(null, args);
        };
    }

    var nonASCIISingleCaseWordChar = /[\u00df\u0590-\u05f4\u0600-\u06ff\u3040-\u309f\u30a0-\u30ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fcc\uac00-\ud7af]/;
    var isWordCharBasic = CodeMirror.isWordChar = function (ch) {
        return /\w/.test(ch) || ch > "\x80" &&
            (ch.toUpperCase() != ch.toLowerCase() || nonASCIISingleCaseWordChar.test(ch));
    };

    function isWordChar(ch, helper) {
        if (!helper) return isWordCharBasic(ch);
        if (helper.source.indexOf("\\w") > -1 && isWordCharBasic(ch)) return true;
        return helper.test(ch);
    }

    function isEmpty(obj) {
        for (var n in obj) if (obj.hasOwnProperty(n) && obj[n]) return false;
        return true;
    }

    // Extending unicode characters. A series of a non-extending char +
    // any number of extending chars is treated as a single unit as far
    // as editing and measuring is concerned. This is not fully correct,
    // since some scripts/fonts/browsers also treat other configurations
    // of code points as a group.
    var extendingChars = /[\u0300-\u036f\u0483-\u0489\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1\u05c2\u05c4\u05c5\u05c7\u0610-\u061a\u064b-\u065e\u0670\u06d6-\u06dc\u06de-\u06e4\u06e7\u06e8\u06ea-\u06ed\u0711\u0730-\u074a\u07a6-\u07b0\u07eb-\u07f3\u0816-\u0819\u081b-\u0823\u0825-\u0827\u0829-\u082d\u0900-\u0902\u093c\u0941-\u0948\u094d\u0951-\u0955\u0962\u0963\u0981\u09bc\u09be\u09c1-\u09c4\u09cd\u09d7\u09e2\u09e3\u0a01\u0a02\u0a3c\u0a41\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b-\u0a4d\u0a51\u0a70\u0a71\u0a75\u0a81\u0a82\u0abc\u0ac1-\u0ac5\u0ac7\u0ac8\u0acd\u0ae2\u0ae3\u0b01\u0b3c\u0b3e\u0b3f\u0b41-\u0b44\u0b4d\u0b56\u0b57\u0b62\u0b63\u0b82\u0bbe\u0bc0\u0bcd\u0bd7\u0c3e-\u0c40\u0c46-\u0c48\u0c4a-\u0c4d\u0c55\u0c56\u0c62\u0c63\u0cbc\u0cbf\u0cc2\u0cc6\u0ccc\u0ccd\u0cd5\u0cd6\u0ce2\u0ce3\u0d3e\u0d41-\u0d44\u0d4d\u0d57\u0d62\u0d63\u0dca\u0dcf\u0dd2-\u0dd4\u0dd6\u0ddf\u0e31\u0e34-\u0e3a\u0e47-\u0e4e\u0eb1\u0eb4-\u0eb9\u0ebb\u0ebc\u0ec8-\u0ecd\u0f18\u0f19\u0f35\u0f37\u0f39\u0f71-\u0f7e\u0f80-\u0f84\u0f86\u0f87\u0f90-\u0f97\u0f99-\u0fbc\u0fc6\u102d-\u1030\u1032-\u1037\u1039\u103a\u103d\u103e\u1058\u1059\u105e-\u1060\u1071-\u1074\u1082\u1085\u1086\u108d\u109d\u135f\u1712-\u1714\u1732-\u1734\u1752\u1753\u1772\u1773\u17b7-\u17bd\u17c6\u17c9-\u17d3\u17dd\u180b-\u180d\u18a9\u1920-\u1922\u1927\u1928\u1932\u1939-\u193b\u1a17\u1a18\u1a56\u1a58-\u1a5e\u1a60\u1a62\u1a65-\u1a6c\u1a73-\u1a7c\u1a7f\u1b00-\u1b03\u1b34\u1b36-\u1b3a\u1b3c\u1b42\u1b6b-\u1b73\u1b80\u1b81\u1ba2-\u1ba5\u1ba8\u1ba9\u1c2c-\u1c33\u1c36\u1c37\u1cd0-\u1cd2\u1cd4-\u1ce0\u1ce2-\u1ce8\u1ced\u1dc0-\u1de6\u1dfd-\u1dff\u200c\u200d\u20d0-\u20f0\u2cef-\u2cf1\u2de0-\u2dff\u302a-\u302f\u3099\u309a\ua66f-\ua672\ua67c\ua67d\ua6f0\ua6f1\ua802\ua806\ua80b\ua825\ua826\ua8c4\ua8e0-\ua8f1\ua926-\ua92d\ua947-\ua951\ua980-\ua982\ua9b3\ua9b6-\ua9b9\ua9bc\uaa29-\uaa2e\uaa31\uaa32\uaa35\uaa36\uaa43\uaa4c\uaab0\uaab2-\uaab4\uaab7\uaab8\uaabe\uaabf\uaac1\uabe5\uabe8\uabed\udc00-\udfff\ufb1e\ufe00-\ufe0f\ufe20-\ufe26\uff9e\uff9f]/;

    function isExtendingChar(ch) {
        return ch.charCodeAt(0) >= 768 && extendingChars.test(ch);
    }

    // DOM UTILITIES

    function elt(tag, content, className, style) {
        var e = document.createElement(tag);
        if (className) e.className = className;
        if (style) e.style.cssText = style;
        if (typeof content == "string") e.appendChild(document.createTextNode(content));
        else if (content) for (var i = 0; i < content.length; ++i) e.appendChild(content[i]);
        return e;
    }

    var range;
    if (document.createRange) range = function (node, start, end) {
        var r = document.createRange();
        r.setEnd(node, end);
        r.setStart(node, start);
        return r;
    };
    else range = function (node, start, end) {
        var r = document.body.createTextRange();
        r.moveToElementText(node.parentNode);
        r.collapse(true);
        r.moveEnd("character", end);
        r.moveStart("character", start);
        return r;
    };

    function removeChildren(e) {
        for (var count = e.childNodes.length; count > 0; --count)
            e.removeChild(e.firstChild);
        return e;
    }

    function removeChildrenAndAdd(parent, e) {
        return removeChildren(parent).appendChild(e);
    }

    function contains(parent, child) {
        if (parent.contains)
            return parent.contains(child);
        while (child = child.parentNode)
            if (child == parent) return true;
    }

    function activeElt() {
        return document.activeElement;
    }

    // Older versions of IE throws unspecified error when touching
    // document.activeElement in some cases (during loading, in iframe)
    if (ie && ie_version < 11) activeElt = function () {
        try {
            return document.activeElement;
        } catch (e) {
            return document.body;
        }
    };

    function classTest(cls) {
        return new RegExp("\\b" + cls + "\\b\\s*");
    }

    function rmClass(node, cls) {
        var test = classTest(cls);
        if (test.test(node.className)) node.className = node.className.replace(test, "");
    }

    function addClass(node, cls) {
        if (!classTest(cls).test(node.className)) node.className += " " + cls;
    }

    function joinClasses(a, b) {
        var as = a.split(" ");
        for (var i = 0; i < as.length; i++)
            if (as[i] && !classTest(as[i]).test(b)) b += " " + as[i];
        return b;
    }

    // WINDOW-WIDE EVENTS

    // These must be handled carefully, because naively registering a
    // handler for each editor will cause the editors to never be
    // garbage collected.

    function forEachCodeMirror(f) {
        if (!document.body.getElementsByClassName) return;
        var byClass = document.body.getElementsByClassName("CodeMirror");
        for (var i = 0; i < byClass.length; i++) {
            var cm = byClass[i].CodeMirror;
            if (cm) f(cm);
        }
    }

    var globalsRegistered = false;

    function ensureGlobalHandlers() {
        if (globalsRegistered) return;
        registerGlobalHandlers();
        globalsRegistered = true;
    }

    function registerGlobalHandlers() {
        // When the window resizes, we need to refresh active editors.
        var resizeTimer;
        on(window, "resize", function () {
            if (resizeTimer == null) resizeTimer = setTimeout(function () {
                resizeTimer = null;
                knownScrollbarWidth = null;
                forEachCodeMirror(onResize);
            }, 100);
        });
        // When the window loses focus, we want to show the editor as blurred
        on(window, "blur", function () {
            forEachCodeMirror(onBlur);
        });
    }

    // FEATURE DETECTION

    // Detect drag-and-drop
    var dragAndDrop = function () {
        // There is *some* kind of drag-and-drop support in IE6-8, but I
        // couldn't get it to work yet.
        if (ie && ie_version < 9) return false;
        var div = elt('div');
        return "draggable" in div || "dragDrop" in div;
    }();

    var knownScrollbarWidth;

    function scrollbarWidth(measure) {
        if (knownScrollbarWidth != null) return knownScrollbarWidth;
        var test = elt("div", null, null, "width: 50px; height: 50px; overflow-x: scroll");
        removeChildrenAndAdd(measure, test);
        if (test.offsetWidth)
            knownScrollbarWidth = test.offsetHeight - test.clientHeight;
        return knownScrollbarWidth || 0;
    }

    var zwspSupported;

    function zeroWidthElement(measure) {
        if (zwspSupported == null) {
            var test = elt("span", "\u200b");
            removeChildrenAndAdd(measure, elt("span", [test, document.createTextNode("x")]));
            if (measure.firstChild.offsetHeight != 0)
                zwspSupported = test.offsetWidth <= 1 && test.offsetHeight > 2 && !(ie && ie_version < 8);
        }
        if (zwspSupported) return elt("span", "\u200b");
        else return elt("span", "\u00a0", null, "display: inline-block; width: 1px; margin-right: -1px");
    }

    // Feature-detect IE's crummy client rect reporting for bidi text
    var badBidiRects;

    function hasBadBidiRects(measure) {
        if (badBidiRects != null) return badBidiRects;
        var txt = removeChildrenAndAdd(measure, document.createTextNode("A\u062eA"));
        var r0 = range(txt, 0, 1).getBoundingClientRect();
        if (!r0 || r0.left == r0.right) return false; // Safari returns null in some cases (#2780)
        var r1 = range(txt, 1, 2).getBoundingClientRect();
        return badBidiRects = (r1.right - r0.right < 3);
    }

    // See if "".split is the broken IE version, if so, provide an
    // alternative way to split lines.
    var splitLines = CodeMirror.splitLines = "\n\nb".split(/\n/).length != 3 ? function (string) {
        var pos = 0, result = [], l = string.length;
        while (pos <= l) {
            var nl = string.indexOf("\n", pos);
            if (nl == -1) nl = string.length;
            var line = string.slice(pos, string.charAt(nl - 1) == "\r" ? nl - 1 : nl);
            var rt = line.indexOf("\r");
            if (rt != -1) {
                result.push(line.slice(0, rt));
                pos += rt + 1;
            } else {
                result.push(line);
                pos = nl + 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    } : function (string) {
        return string.split(/\r\n?|\n/);
    };

    var hasSelection = window.getSelection ? function (te) {
        try {
            return te.selectionStart != te.selectionEnd;
        } catch (e) {
            return false;
        }
    } : function (te) {
        try {
            var range = te.ownerDocument.selection.createRange();
        } catch (e) {
        }
        if (!range || range.parentElement() != te) return false;
        return range.compareEndPoints("StartToEnd", range) != 0;
    };

    var hasCopyEvent = (function () {
        var e = elt("div");
        if ("oncopy" in e) return true;
        e.setAttribute("oncopy", "return;");
        return typeof e.oncopy == "function";
    })();

    var badZoomedRects = null;

    function hasBadZoomedRects(measure) {
        if (badZoomedRects != null) return badZoomedRects;
        var node = removeChildrenAndAdd(measure, elt("span", "x"));
        var normal = node.getBoundingClientRect();
        var fromRange = range(node, 0, 1).getBoundingClientRect();
        return badZoomedRects = Math.abs(normal.left - fromRange.left) > 1;
    }

    // KEY NAMES

    var keyNames = {
        3: "Enter", 8: "Backspace", 9: "Tab", 13: "Enter", 16: "Shift", 17: "Ctrl", 18: "Alt",
        19: "Pause", 20: "CapsLock", 27: "Esc", 32: "Space", 33: "PageUp", 34: "PageDown", 35: "End",
        36: "Home", 37: "Left", 38: "Up", 39: "Right", 40: "Down", 44: "PrintScrn", 45: "Insert",
        46: "Delete", 59: ";", 61: "=", 91: "Mod", 92: "Mod", 93: "Mod", 107: "=", 109: "-", 127: "Delete",
        173: "-", 186: ";", 187: "=", 188: ",", 189: "-", 190: ".", 191: "/", 192: "`", 219: "[", 220: "\\",
        221: "]", 222: "'", 63232: "Up", 63233: "Down", 63234: "Left", 63235: "Right", 63272: "Delete",
        63273: "Home", 63275: "End", 63276: "PageUp", 63277: "PageDown", 63302: "Insert"
    };
    CodeMirror.keyNames = keyNames;
    (function () {
        // Number keys
        for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) keyNames[i + 48] = keyNames[i + 96] = String(i);
        // Alphabetic keys
        for (var i = 65; i <= 90; i++) keyNames[i] = String.fromCharCode(i);
        // Function keys
        for (var i = 1; i <= 12; i++) keyNames[i + 111] = keyNames[i + 63235] = "F" + i;
    })();

    // BIDI HELPERS

    function iterateBidiSections(order, from, to, f) {
        if (!order) return f(from, to, "ltr");
        var found = false;
        for (var i = 0; i < order.length; ++i) {
            var part = order[i];
            if (part.from < to && part.to > from || from == to && part.to == from) {
                f(Math.max(part.from, from), Math.min(part.to, to), part.level == 1 ? "rtl" : "ltr");
                found = true;
            }
        }
        if (!found) f(from, to, "ltr");
    }

    function bidiLeft(part) {
        return part.level % 2 ? part.to : part.from;
    }

    function bidiRight(part) {
        return part.level % 2 ? part.from : part.to;
    }

    function lineLeft(line) {
        var order = getOrder(line);
        return order ? bidiLeft(order[0]) : 0;
    }

    function lineRight(line) {
        var order = getOrder(line);
        if (!order) return line.text.length;
        return bidiRight(lst(order));
    }

    function lineStart(cm, lineN) {
        var line = getLine(cm.doc, lineN);
        var visual = visualLine(line);
        if (visual != line) lineN = lineNo(visual);
        var order = getOrder(visual);
        var ch = !order ? 0 : order[0].level % 2 ? lineRight(visual) : lineLeft(visual);
        return Pos(lineN, ch);
    }

    function lineEnd(cm, lineN) {
        var merged, line = getLine(cm.doc, lineN);
        while (merged = collapsedSpanAtEnd(line)) {
            line = merged.find(1, true).line;
            lineN = null;
        }
        var order = getOrder(line);
        var ch = !order ? line.text.length : order[0].level % 2 ? lineLeft(line) : lineRight(line);
        return Pos(lineN == null ? lineNo(line) : lineN, ch);
    }

    function lineStartSmart(cm, pos) {
        var start = lineStart(cm, pos.line);
        var line = getLine(cm.doc, start.line);
        var order = getOrder(line);
        if (!order || order[0].level == 0) {
            var firstNonWS = Math.max(0, line.text.search(/\S/));
            var inWS = pos.line == start.line && pos.ch <= firstNonWS && pos.ch;
            return Pos(start.line, inWS ? 0 : firstNonWS);
        }
        return start;
    }

    function compareBidiLevel(order, a, b) {
        var linedir = order[0].level;
        if (a == linedir) return true;
        if (b == linedir) return false;
        return a < b;
    }

    var bidiOther;

    function getBidiPartAt(order, pos) {
        bidiOther = null;
        for (var i = 0, found; i < order.length; ++i) {
            var cur = order[i];
            if (cur.from < pos && cur.to > pos) return i;
            if ((cur.from == pos || cur.to == pos)) {
                if (found == null) {
                    found = i;
                } else if (compareBidiLevel(order, cur.level, order[found].level)) {
                    if (cur.from != cur.to) bidiOther = found;
                    return i;
                } else {
                    if (cur.from != cur.to) bidiOther = i;
                    return found;
                }
            }
        }
        return found;
    }

    function moveInLine(line, pos, dir, byUnit) {
        if (!byUnit) return pos + dir;
        do pos += dir;
        while (pos > 0 && isExtendingChar(line.text.charAt(pos)));
        return pos;
    }

    // This is needed in order to move 'visually' through bi-directional
    // text -- i.e., pressing left should make the cursor go left, even
    // when in RTL text. The tricky part is the 'jumps', where RTL and
    // LTR text touch each other. This often requires the cursor offset
    // to move more than one unit, in order to visually move one unit.
    function moveVisually(line, start, dir, byUnit) {
        var bidi = getOrder(line);
        if (!bidi) return moveLogically(line, start, dir, byUnit);
        var pos = getBidiPartAt(bidi, start), part = bidi[pos];
        var target = moveInLine(line, start, part.level % 2 ? -dir : dir, byUnit);

        for (; ;) {
            if (target > part.from && target < part.to) return target;
            if (target == part.from || target == part.to) {
                if (getBidiPartAt(bidi, target) == pos) return target;
                part = bidi[pos += dir];
                return (dir > 0) == part.level % 2 ? part.to : part.from;
            } else {
                part = bidi[pos += dir];
                if (!part) return null;
                if ((dir > 0) == part.level % 2)
                    target = moveInLine(line, part.to, -1, byUnit);
                else
                    target = moveInLine(line, part.from, 1, byUnit);
            }
        }
    }

    function moveLogically(line, start, dir, byUnit) {
        var target = start + dir;
        if (byUnit) while (target > 0 && isExtendingChar(line.text.charAt(target))) target += dir;
        return target < 0 || target > line.text.length ? null : target;
    }

    // Bidirectional ordering algorithm
    // See http://unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-13.html for the algorithm
    // that this (partially) implements.

    // One-char codes used for character types:
    // L (L):   Left-to-Right
    // R (R):   Right-to-Left
    // r (AL):  Right-to-Left Arabic
    // 1 (EN):  European Number
    // + (ES):  European Number Separator
    // % (ET):  European Number Terminator
    // n (AN):  Arabic Number
    // , (CS):  Common Number Separator
    // m (NSM): Non-Spacing Mark
    // b (BN):  Boundary Neutral
    // s (B):   Paragraph Separator
    // t (S):   Segment Separator
    // w (WS):  Whitespace
    // N (ON):  Other Neutrals

    // Returns null if characters are ordered as they appear
    // (left-to-right), or an array of sections ({from, to, level}
    // objects) in the order in which they occur visually.
    var bidiOrdering = (function () {
        // Character types for codepoints 0 to 0xff
        var lowTypes = "bbbbbbbbbtstwsbbbbbbbbbbbbbbssstwNN%%%NNNNNN,N,N1111111111NNNNNNNLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLNNNNNNLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLNNNNbbbbbbsbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,N%%%%NNNNLNNNNN%%11NLNNN1LNNNNNLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLNLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLN";
        // Character types for codepoints 0x600 to 0x6ff
        var arabicTypes = "rrrrrrrrrrrr,rNNmmmmmmrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmrrrrrrrnnnnnnnnnn%nnrrrmrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNmmmm";

        function charType(code) {
            if (code <= 0xf7) return lowTypes.charAt(code);
            else if (0x590 <= code && code <= 0x5f4) return "R";
            else if (0x600 <= code && code <= 0x6ed) return arabicTypes.charAt(code - 0x600);
            else if (0x6ee <= code && code <= 0x8ac) return "r";
            else if (0x2000 <= code && code <= 0x200b) return "w";
            else if (code == 0x200c) return "b";
            else return "L";
        }

        var bidiRE = /[\u0590-\u05f4\u0600-\u06ff\u0700-\u08ac]/;
        var isNeutral = /[stwN]/, isStrong = /[LRr]/, countsAsLeft = /[Lb1n]/, countsAsNum = /[1n]/;
        // Browsers seem to always treat the boundaries of block elements as being L.
        var outerType = "L";

        function BidiSpan(level, from, to) {
            this.level = level;
            this.from = from;
            this.to = to;
        }

        return function (str) {
            if (!bidiRE.test(str)) return false;
            var len = str.length, types = [];
            for (var i = 0, type; i < len; ++i)
                types.push(type = charType(str.charCodeAt(i)));

            // W1. Examine each non-spacing mark (NSM) in the level run, and
            // change the type of the NSM to the type of the previous
            // character. If the NSM is at the start of the level run, it will
            // get the type of sor.
            for (var i = 0, prev = outerType; i < len; ++i) {
                var type = types[i];
                if (type == "m") types[i] = prev;
                else prev = type;
            }

            // W2. Search backwards from each instance of a European number
            // until the first strong type (R, L, AL, or sor) is found. If an
            // AL is found, change the type of the European number to Arabic
            // number.
            // W3. Change all ALs to R.
            for (var i = 0, cur = outerType; i < len; ++i) {
                var type = types[i];
                if (type == "1" && cur == "r") types[i] = "n";
                else if (isStrong.test(type)) {
                    cur = type;
                    if (type == "r") types[i] = "R";
                }
            }

            // W4. A single European separator between two European numbers
            // changes to a European number. A single common separator between
            // two numbers of the same type changes to that type.
            for (var i = 1, prev = types[0]; i < len - 1; ++i) {
                var type = types[i];
                if (type == "+" && prev == "1" && types[i + 1] == "1") types[i] = "1";
                else if (type == "," && prev == types[i + 1] &&
                    (prev == "1" || prev == "n")) types[i] = prev;
                prev = type;
            }

            // W5. A sequence of European terminators adjacent to European
            // numbers changes to all European numbers.
            // W6. Otherwise, separators and terminators change to Other
            // Neutral.
            for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                var type = types[i];
                if (type == ",") types[i] = "N";
                else if (type == "%") {
                    for (var end = i + 1; end < len && types[end] == "%"; ++end) {
                    }
                    var replace = (i && types[i - 1] == "!") || (end < len && types[end] == "1") ? "1" : "N";
                    for (var j = i; j < end; ++j) types[j] = replace;
                    i = end - 1;
                }
            }

            // W7. Search backwards from each instance of a European number
            // until the first strong type (R, L, or sor) is found. If an L is
            // found, then change the type of the European number to L.
            for (var i = 0, cur = outerType; i < len; ++i) {
                var type = types[i];
                if (cur == "L" && type == "1") types[i] = "L";
                else if (isStrong.test(type)) cur = type;
            }

            // N1. A sequence of neutrals takes the direction of the
            // surrounding strong text if the text on both sides has the same
            // direction. European and Arabic numbers act as if they were R in
            // terms of their influence on neutrals. Start-of-level-run (sor)
            // and end-of-level-run (eor) are used at level run boundaries.
            // N2. Any remaining neutrals take the embedding direction.
            for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                if (isNeutral.test(types[i])) {
                    for (var end = i + 1; end < len && isNeutral.test(types[end]); ++end) {
                    }
                    var before = (i ? types[i - 1] : outerType) == "L";
                    var after = (end < len ? types[end] : outerType) == "L";
                    var replace = before || after ? "L" : "R";
                    for (var j = i; j < end; ++j) types[j] = replace;
                    i = end - 1;
                }
            }

            // Here we depart from the documented algorithm, in order to avoid
            // building up an actual levels array. Since there are only three
            // levels (0, 1, 2) in an implementation that doesn't take
            // explicit embedding into account, we can build up the order on
            // the fly, without following the level-based algorithm.
            var order = [], m;
            for (var i = 0; i < len;) {
                if (countsAsLeft.test(types[i])) {
                    var start = i;
                    for (++i; i < len && countsAsLeft.test(types[i]); ++i) {
                    }
                    order.push(new BidiSpan(0, start, i));
                } else {
                    var pos = i, at = order.length;
                    for (++i; i < len && types[i] != "L"; ++i) {
                    }
                    for (var j = pos; j < i;) {
                        if (countsAsNum.test(types[j])) {
                            if (pos < j) order.splice(at, 0, new BidiSpan(1, pos, j));
                            var nstart = j;
                            for (++j; j < i && countsAsNum.test(types[j]); ++j) {
                            }
                            order.splice(at, 0, new BidiSpan(2, nstart, j));
                            pos = j;
                        } else ++j;
                    }
                    if (pos < i) order.splice(at, 0, new BidiSpan(1, pos, i));
                }
            }
            if (order[0].level == 1 && (m = str.match(/^\s+/))) {
                order[0].from = m[0].length;
                order.unshift(new BidiSpan(0, 0, m[0].length));
            }
            if (lst(order).level == 1 && (m = str.match(/\s+$/))) {
                lst(order).to -= m[0].length;
                order.push(new BidiSpan(0, len - m[0].length, len));
            }
            if (order[0].level != lst(order).level)
                order.push(new BidiSpan(order[0].level, len, len));

            return order;
        };
    })();

    // THE END

    CodeMirror.version = "4.7.0";

    return CodeMirror;
});
